PMID- 29776611 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20180925 LR - 20181202 IS - 1873-2534 (Electronic) IS - 0165-2427 (Linking) VI - 200 DP - 2018 Jun TI - Nasal delivery of chitosan/alginate nanoparticle encapsulated bee (Apis mellifera) venom promotes antibody production and viral clearance during porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection by modulating T cell related responses. PG - 40-51 LID - S0165-2427(17)30415-4 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.04.006 [doi] AB - In this study, we administered specially developed chitosan/alginate nanoparticle encapsulated BV (CH/AL-BV) which has slow-releasing properties and mucosal adhesiveness to pig via nasal route and evaluate whether it can facilitate systemic immune response and improve clearance of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). The CH/AL-BV-administered group with PRRSV vaccination showed significantly enhanced Th1-related responses including a high population of CD4(+) T lymphocyte and cytokine mRNA levels including interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin (IL)-12 and increased PRRSV-specific IgG levels. In the PRRSV challenge experiment, the CH/AL-BV group showed a significant decrease of viral burden in the sera and tissues (lung and bronchial lymph node) and mild interstitial pneumonia signs on both lung gross examination and microscopic evaluation with high levels of PRRSV-specific IgG and viral neutralizing antibody. CH/AL-BV also effectively induced not only Th1-related immune responses including increase in portion of CD4(+) T lymphocyte, cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-12), and transcriptional factors (STAT4 and T-bet), but also stimulated IFN-gamma-secreting cell families such as CD4(+) T lymphocytes and Th/memory cells. Interestingly, the CH/AL-BV group showed decrease in PRRSV-specific immune-suppressive actions, including the T regulatory cell population and its related cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-beta) and transcriptional factors (STAT5 and Foxp3). Therefore, nasal-delivered CH/AL-BV may effectively induce non-specific immune stimulating actions, particularly those related to Th1 responses and viral clearance activities against PRRSV infection. Based on these results, CH/AL-BV could be a promising strategy for overcoming the disadvantages of classical PRRSV vaccination and can be applied as a preventive agent against PRRSV and other viral diseases, particularly those with immune-suppressive characteristics. CI - Copyright (c) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Lee, Jina AU - Lee J AD - Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea. FAU - Kim, Yun-Mi AU - Kim YM AD - Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea. FAU - Kim, Ju-Heon AU - Kim JH AD - College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research & Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea. FAU - Cho, Cheong-Weon AU - Cho CW AD - College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research & Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea. FAU - Jeon, Jong-Woon AU - Jeon JW AD - Wissen Co., Ltd, #410 Bio Venture Town, 461-8, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea. FAU - Park, Jin-Kyu AU - Park JK AD - Wissen Co., Ltd, #410 Bio Venture Town, 461-8, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea. FAU - Lee, Sang-Ho AU - Lee SH AD - Department of Veterinary Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea. FAU - Jung, Bock-Gie AU - Jung BG AD - Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases Control, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, TX 75708-3154, USA. FAU - Lee, Bong-Joo AU - Lee BJ AD - Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: bjlee@chonnam.ac.kr. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20180410 PL - Netherlands TA - Vet Immunol Immunopathol JT - Veterinary immunology and immunopathology JID - 8002006 RN - 0 (Alginates) RN - 0 (Antibodies, Neutralizing) RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Bee Venoms) RN - 0 (Hexuronic Acids) RN - 8A5D83Q4RW (Glucuronic Acid) RN - 9012-76-4 (Chitosan) SB - IM MH - Administration, Intranasal/veterinary MH - Alginates/administration & dosage MH - Animals MH - Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology MH - Antibodies, Viral/immunology MH - Antibody Formation/*drug effects/immunology MH - Bee Venoms/administration & dosage/*pharmacology MH - Chitosan/administration & dosage MH - Drug Delivery Systems/veterinary MH - Glucuronic Acid/administration & dosage MH - Hexuronic Acids/administration & dosage MH - Immunity, Cellular/drug effects/immunology MH - Immunity, Humoral/drug effects/immunology MH - Nanoparticles/administration & dosage MH - Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome/immunology/pathology/*therapy MH - Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/*immunology MH - Swine MH - T-Lymphocytes/*drug effects/immunology OTO - NOTNLM OT - Alginate OT - Bee venom OT - Chitosan OT - Immune boosting OT - Mucoadhesive nanoparticle OT - PRRSV vaccine OT - Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus EDAT- 2018/05/20 06:00 MHDA- 2018/09/27 06:00 CRDT- 2018/05/20 06:00 PHST- 2017/08/27 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/01/23 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2018/04/09 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/05/20 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2018/05/20 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/09/27 06:00 [medline] AID - S0165-2427(17)30415-4 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.04.006 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2018 Jun;200:40-51. doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.04.006. Epub 2018 Apr 10.