PMID- 29793029
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180914
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1879-1298 (Electronic)
IS  - 0045-6535 (Linking)
VI  - 207
DP  - 2018 Sep
TI  - Oxidative degradation of atenolol by heat-activated persulfate: Kinetics, 
      degradation pathways and distribution of transformation intermediates.
PG  - 174-182
LID - S0045-6535(18)30917-2 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.068 [doi]
AB  - Atenolol (ATL) has been widely detected in wastewater and aquatic environment. 
      Although satisfactory removal of ATL from wastewater could be achieved, the 
      mineralization ratio is usually low, which may result in the accumulation of its 
      transformation products in the effluent and cause additional ecological risk to 
      the environment. The aim of this study is to explore the effectiveness of heat 
      activated persulfate (PS) in the removal of ATL from wastewater. Influencing 
      factors including temperature, PS dosage, solution pH, existence of NO(3)(-), 
      Cl(-), HCO(3)(-) and Suwannee river fulvic acid (SRFA) were examined. Complete 
      removal of ATL was achieved within 40 min at pH 7.0 and 70  degrees C by using 0.5 mM PS. 
      Inhibitive effects of HCO(3)(-) and FA had been observed on ATL oxidation, which 
      was increased with the increase of their concentration. Sulfate radical 
      (SO(4)(-)) was determined as the main reactive species by quenching experiment. 
      Eight intermediates produced in ATL degradation were identified, and four 
      degradation pathways were proposed based on the analysis of mass spectrum and 
      frontier electron densities. The distribution of major intermediates was 
      influenced by reaction temperature. Hydroxylation intermediates and deamidation 
      intermediate were the most prominent at 50  degrees C and 60  degrees C, respectively. All 
      intermediates were completely degraded in 40 min except P134 at 70  degrees C. Effective 
      removal of TOC (74.12%) was achieved with 0.5 mM PS, pH 7.0 and 70  degrees C after 
      240 min. The results proved that heat activation of PS is a promising method to 
      remove organic pollutants in wastewater.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Miao, Dong
AU  - Miao D
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the 
      Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China.
FAU - Peng, Jianbiao
AU  - Peng J
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the 
      Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China; 
      School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River 
      and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, 
      Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, 
      PR China.
FAU - Zhou, Xiaohuan
AU  - Zhou X
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the 
      Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China.
FAU - Qian, Li
AU  - Qian L
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the 
      Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China.
FAU - Wang, Mengjie
AU  - Wang M
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the 
      Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China.
FAU - Zhai, Li
AU  - Zhai L
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the 
      Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China.
FAU - Gao, Shixiang
AU  - Gao S
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the 
      Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China. 
      Electronic address: ecsxg@nju.edu.cn.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20180517
PL  - England
TA  - Chemosphere
JT  - Chemosphere
JID - 0320657
RN  - 0 (Sulfides)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - 0 (persulfides)
RN  - 50VV3VW0TI (Atenolol)
SB  - IM
MH  - Atenolol/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
MH  - Hot Temperature
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - Oxidation-Reduction
MH  - Sulfides/*chemistry
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis/*chemistry
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Atenolol
OT  - Degradation pathways
OT  - Distribution
OT  - Heat/PS
EDAT- 2018/05/25 06:00
MHDA- 2018/09/15 06:00
CRDT- 2018/05/25 06:00
PHST- 2017/12/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/05/04 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/05/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/05/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/09/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/05/25 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0045-6535(18)30917-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.068 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Chemosphere. 2018 Sep;207:174-182. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.068. Epub 
      2018 May 17.