PMID- 29846873
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190514
LR  - 20190514
IS  - 1559-1174 (Electronic)
IS  - 1535-1084 (Linking)
VI  - 20
IP  - 3
DP  - 2018 Sep
TI  - Effects of Low Phytanic Acid-Concentrated DHA on Activated Microglial Cells: 
      Comparison with a Standard Phytanic Acid-Concentrated DHA.
PG  - 328-342
LID - 10.1007/s12017-018-8496-8 [doi]
AB  - Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) is an essential omega-3 (omega-3) long chain 
      polyunsaturated fatty acid of neuronal membranes involved in normal growth, 
      development, and function. DHA has been proposed to reduce deleterious effects in 
      neurodegenerative processes. Even though, some inconsistencies in findings from 
      clinical and pre-clinical studies with DHA could be attributed to the presence of 
      phytanic acid (PhA) in standard DHA treatments. Thus, the aim of our study was to 
      analyze and compare the effects of a low PhA-concentrated DHA with a standard 
      PhA-concentrated DHA under different neurotoxic conditions in BV-2 activated 
      microglial cells. To this end, mouse microglial BV-2 cells were stimulated with 
      either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and co-incubated 
      with DHA 50 ppm of PhA (DHA (PhA:50)) or DHA 500 ppm of PhA (DHA (PhA:500)). Cell 
      viability, superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) production, Interleukin 6 (L-6), 
      cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), glutathione 
      peroxidase (GtPx), glutathione reductase (GtRd), Caspase-3, and the brain-derived 
      neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein expression were explored. Low PhA-concentrated 
      DHA protected against LPS or H(2)O(2)-induced cell viability reduction in BV-2 
      activated cells and O(2)(-) production reduction compared to DHA (PhA:500). Low 
      PhA-concentrated DHA also decreased COX-2, IL-6, iNOS, GtPx, GtRd, and SOD-1 
      protein expression when compared to DHA (PhA:500). Furthermore, low 
      PhA-concentrated DHA increased BDNF protein expression in comparison to DHA 
      (PhA:500). The study provides data supporting the beneficial effect of low 
      PhA-concentrated DHA in neurotoxic injury when compared to a standard 
      PhA-concentrated DHA in activated microglia.
FAU - Ruiz-Roso, Maria Belen
AU  - Ruiz-Roso MB
AD  - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040, 
      Madrid, Spain.
FAU - Olivares-Alvaro, Elena
AU  - Olivares-Alvaro E
AD  - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040, 
      Madrid, Spain.
FAU - Quintela, Jose Carlos
AU  - Quintela JC
AD  - Natac Pharma S.L., 28923, Alcorcon, Madrid, Spain.
FAU - Ballesteros, Sandra
AU  - Ballesteros S
AD  - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040, 
      Madrid, Spain.
FAU - Espinosa-Parrilla, Juan F
AU  - Espinosa-Parrilla JF
AD  - Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 08035, 
      Barcelona, Spain.
FAU - Ruiz-Roso, Baltasar
AU  - Ruiz-Roso B
AD  - Department of Nutrition and Bromatology I (Nutrition), Faculty of Pharmacy, 
      Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
FAU - Lahera, Vicente
AU  - Lahera V
AD  - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040, 
      Madrid, Spain.
FAU - de Las Heras, Natalia
AU  - de Las Heras N
AD  - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040, 
      Madrid, Spain.
FAU - Martin-Fernandez, Beatriz
AU  - Martin-Fernandez B
AD  - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040, 
      Madrid, Spain. bmartinfernandez@med.ucm.es.
AD  - Natac Biotech S.L., 28923, Alcorcon, Madrid, Spain. bmartinfernandez@med.ucm.es.
LA  - eng
GR  - RTC-2014-1689-1/This work was supported by grants from "Programa Estatal de 
      Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovacion Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad, Plan 
      Estatal de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica y de Innovacion 
      2013-2016"./International
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20180530
PL  - United States
TA  - Neuromolecular Med
JT  - Neuromolecular medicine
JID - 101135365
RN  - 0 (Antioxidants)
RN  - 0 (Bdnf protein, mouse)
RN  - 0 (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor)
RN  - 0 (CD11b Antigen)
RN  - 0 (Lipopolysaccharides)
RN  - 0 (Neuroprotective Agents)
RN  - 11062-77-4 (Superoxides)
RN  - 14721-66-5 (Phytanic Acid)
RN  - 25167-62-8 (Docosahexaenoic Acids)
RN  - BBX060AN9V (Hydrogen Peroxide)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antioxidants/metabolism
MH  - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/biosynthesis
MH  - CD11b Antigen/biosynthesis
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Cell Survival/drug effects
MH  - Docosahexaenoic Acids/*pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH  - Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology
MH  - Inflammation/drug therapy/metabolism
MH  - Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
MH  - Mice
MH  - Microglia/*drug effects/metabolism
MH  - *Neuroprotection
MH  - Neuroprotective Agents/*pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH  - Neurotoxicity Syndromes/drug therapy
MH  - Osmolar Concentration
MH  - Phytanic Acid/*pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH  - Superoxides/metabolism
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - BDNF
OT  - DHA
OT  - Microglia
OT  - Oxidation
OT  - Phytanic acid
EDAT- 2018/05/31 06:00
MHDA- 2019/05/15 06:00
CRDT- 2018/05/31 06:00
PHST- 2017/11/13 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/05/24 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/05/31 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/05/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/05/31 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s12017-018-8496-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s12017-018-8496-8 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neuromolecular Med. 2018 Sep;20(3):328-342. doi: 10.1007/s12017-018-8496-8. Epub 
      2018 May 30.