PMID- 29879396 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190408 LR - 20190408 IS - 1872-9711 (Electronic) IS - 0161-813X (Linking) VI - 67 DP - 2018 Jul TI - Effects of inhaled particulate matter on the central nervous system in mice. PG - 169-177 LID - S0161-813X(18)30196-7 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.06.001 [doi] AB - Little is known regarding the adverse effects of chronic particulate matter (PM) inhalation on the central nervous system (CNS). The present study aimed to examine how PM exposure impacts on oxidative stress and inflammatory processes, as well as the expression of interneurons and perineuronal nets (PNNs) in the CNS. BALB/c mice (6-week-old females, n = 32) were exposed to 1 to 5 mum size diesel-extracted particles (DEPs) (100 mug/m(3), 5 d/week, 5 h/day) and categorized into the following four groups: 1) 4-week DEP (n = 8); 2) 4-week control (n = 8), 3) 8-week DEP (n = 8); and 4) 8-week control (n = 8). The olfactory bulb, prefrontal cortex, temporal cortex, striatum, and cerebellum were harvested from the animals in each group. The expression of antioxidants (heme oxygenase 1 [HO-1] and superoxide dismutase 2 [SOD-2]), and markers of the unfolded protein response (X-box binding protein [XBP]-1S), inflammation (tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-alpha]), and proliferation (neurotrophin-3 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF]) were measured using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting. The expression levels of HO-1, SOD-2, XBP-1S, TNF-alpha, neurotrophin-3, and BDNF were compared among groups using the Mann-Whitney U test. The temporal cortex was immunostained for parvalbumin (PV) and Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA). The numbers of PV- and WFA-positive cells were counted using a confocal microscope and analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U test. HO-1 expression was elevated in the prefrontal cortex, temporal cortex, striatum, and cerebellum of mice in the 8-week DEP group compared with the control group. Expression of SOD-2 and XBP-1S was elevated in the prefrontal cortex and striatum of the 8-week DEP group compared with the control group. TNF-alpha expression was elevated in the prefrontal cortex, temporal cortex, striatum, and cerebellum in the 4- and 8-week DEP groups compared with the control group. Neurotrophin-3 expression was decreased in the olfactory bulb and striatum of the 8-week DEP group compared with the control group. WFA density was increased in the 8-week DEP group compared with the control group. The PV and PV + WFA densities were decreased in the 4-week DEP group compared with the control group. Chronic DEP inhalation activated oxidative stress and inflammation in multiple brain regions. Chronic DEP inhalation increased PNNs and decreased the number of interneurons, which may contribute to PM exposure-related CNS dysfunction. CI - Copyright (c) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Kim, So Young AU - Kim SY AD - Department of Otorhinolaryngology, CHA University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea. FAU - Kim, Jin Ki AU - Kim JK AD - Department of Otorhinolaryngology, CHA University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea. FAU - Park, So Hyeon AU - Park SH AD - Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea. FAU - Kim, Byeong-Gon AU - Kim BG AD - Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Republic of Korea. FAU - Jang, An-Soo AU - Jang AS AD - Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Republic of Korea. FAU - Oh, Seung Ha AU - Oh SH AD - Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea; Sensory Organ Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea. FAU - Lee, Jun Ho AU - Lee JH AD - Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea; Sensory Organ Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea. FAU - Suh, Myung-Whan AU - Suh MW AD - Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea; Sensory Organ Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea. FAU - Park, Moo Kyun AU - Park MK AD - Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea; Sensory Organ Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: parkaseptic@daum.net. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20180604 PL - Netherlands TA - Neurotoxicology JT - Neurotoxicology JID - 7905589 RN - 0 (Inflammation Mediators) RN - 0 (Particulate Matter) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Brain/drug effects/*metabolism/pathology MH - Central Nervous System/drug effects/metabolism/pathology MH - Female MH - Inflammation Mediators/*metabolism MH - Inhalation Exposure/*adverse effects MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred BALB C MH - Oxidative Stress/*drug effects/physiology MH - Particle Size MH - Particulate Matter/*administration & dosage/*toxicity OTO - NOTNLM OT - Central nervous system OT - Diesel-extracted particles OT - Oxidative stress OT - Particulate matter OT - Perineuronal nets EDAT- 2018/06/08 06:00 MHDA- 2019/04/09 06:00 CRDT- 2018/06/08 06:00 PHST- 2017/11/29 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/03/19 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2018/06/01 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/06/08 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/04/09 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/06/08 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0161-813X(18)30196-7 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.06.001 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Neurotoxicology. 2018 Jul;67:169-177. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.06.001. Epub 2018 Jun 4.