PMID- 29880772
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20181015
LR  - 20181114
IS  - 2072-6643 (Electronic)
IS  - 2072-6643 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 6
DP  - 2018 Jun 7
TI  - A Comparative Study on Carbohydrate Estimation: GoCARB vs. Dietitians.
LID - 10.3390/nu10060741 [doi]
LID - 741
AB  - GoCARB is a computer vision-based smartphone system designed for individuals with 
      Type 1 Diabetes to estimate plated meals' carbohydrate (CHO) content. We aimed to 
      compare the accuracy of GoCARB in estimating CHO with the estimations of six 
      experienced dietitians. GoCARB was used to estimate the CHO content of 54 Central 
      European plated meals, with each of them containing three different weighed food 
      items. Ground truth was calculated using the USDA food composition database. 
      Dietitians were asked to visually estimate the CHO content based on meal 
      photographs. GoCARB and dietitians achieved comparable accuracies. The mean 
      absolute error of the dietitians was 14.9 (SD 10.12) g of CHO versus 14.8 (SD 
      9.73) g of CHO for the GoCARB (p = 0.93). No differences were found between the 
      estimations of dietitians and GoCARB, regardless the meal size. The larger the 
      size of the meal, the greater were the estimation errors made by both. Moreover, 
      the higher the CHO content of a food category was, the more challenging its 
      accurate estimation. GoCARB had difficulty in estimating rice, pasta, potatoes, 
      and mashed potatoes, while dietitians had problems with pasta, chips, rice, and 
      polenta. GoCARB may offer diabetic patients the option of an easy, accurate, and 
      almost real-time estimation of the CHO content of plated meals, and thus enhance 
      diabetes self-management.
FAU - Vasiloglou, Maria F
AU  - Vasiloglou MF
AD  - Diabetes Technology Research Group, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering 
      Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008 Bern, Switzerland. 
      maria.vasiloglou@artorg.unibe.ch.
FAU - Mougiakakou, Stavroula
AU  - Mougiakakou S
AD  - Diabetes Technology Research Group, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering 
      Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008 Bern, Switzerland. 
      stavroula.mougiakakou@artorg.unibe.ch.
AD  - Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition, Bern 
      University Hospital "Inselspital", 3010 Bern, Switzerland. 
      stavroula.mougiakakou@artorg.unibe.ch.
FAU - Aubry, Emilie
AU  - Aubry E
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8799-2708
AD  - Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition, Bern 
      University Hospital "Inselspital", 3010 Bern, Switzerland. Emilie.Aubry@insel.ch.
FAU - Bokelmann, Anika
AU  - Bokelmann A
AD  - Diabetes Centre for Children and Adolescents, Children's and Youth Hospital "Auf 
      Der Bult", Janusz-Korczak-Allee 12, 30173 Hannover, Germany. 
      a.bokelmann@bernward-khs.de.
FAU - Fricker, Rita
AU  - Fricker R
AD  - Gewerblich-Industrielle Berufsschule Bern (GIBB), Lorrainestrasse 1, 3000 Bern, 
      Switzerland. rita.fricker@bluewin.ch.
FAU - Gomes, Filomena
AU  - Gomes F
AD  - Medical University Department, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001 Aarau, 
      Switzerland. filomenisabel@hotmail.com.
FAU - Guntermann, Cathrin
AU  - Guntermann C
AD  - Diabetes Centre for Children and Adolescents, Children's and Youth Hospital "Auf 
      Der Bult", Janusz-Korczak-Allee 12, 30173 Hannover, Germany. guntermann@hka.de.
FAU - Meyer, Alexa
AU  - Meyer A
AD  - Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, 
      Austria. alexa.leonie.meyer@univie.ac.at.
FAU - Studerus, Diana
AU  - Studerus D
AD  - Food on Record, Freie Strasse 59, 4001 Basel, Switzerland. 
      diana@foodonrecord.com.
FAU - Stanga, Zeno
AU  - Stanga Z
AD  - Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition, Bern 
      University Hospital "Inselspital", 3010 Bern, Switzerland. zeno.stanga@insel.ch.
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20180607
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Nutrients
JT  - Nutrients
JID - 101521595
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Blood Glucose)
RN  - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates)
SB  - IM
MH  - Biomarkers/blood
MH  - Blood Glucose/metabolism
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood/diagnosis/*diet therapy
MH  - *Diet, Diabetic
MH  - Dietary Carbohydrates/*administration & dosage/blood
MH  - Humans
MH  - Judgment
MH  - *Mobile Applications
MH  - *Nutritionists
MH  - Observer Variation
MH  - Photography
MH  - Portion Size
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Self Care
MH  - *Smartphone
MH  - Visual Perception
PMC - PMC6024682
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - artificial intelligence
OT  - carbohydrate counting
OT  - computer vision
OT  - dietitian
OT  - smartphone
OT  - type 1 diabetes
OT  - visual estimation
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2018/06/09 06:00
MHDA- 2018/10/16 06:00
PMCR- 2018/06/01
CRDT- 2018/06/09 06:00
PHST- 2018/05/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/06/02 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/06/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/06/09 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/06/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/10/16 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/06/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - nu10060741 [pii]
AID - nutrients-10-00741 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/nu10060741 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Nutrients. 2018 Jun 7;10(6):741. doi: 10.3390/nu10060741.