PMID- 29902498 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20181024 LR - 20181202 IS - 1873-6351 (Electronic) IS - 0278-6915 (Linking) VI - 118 DP - 2018 Aug TI - The prevalence of aflatoxin M1 in milk of Middle East region: A systematic review, meta-analysis and probabilistic health risk assessment. PG - 653-666 LID - S0278-6915(18)30390-9 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.fct.2018.06.016 [doi] AB - The current investigation was undertaken to take a review of the performed studies regarding the concentration and prevalence of aflatoxin M(1) (AFM(1)) of the consumed cow milk in the Middle East. In this context, all available studies published in databases include Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science among 1995 to December 2017; were screened accordingly. Also, the carcinogenic risk was estimated by calculating hazard index (HI) using the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). The result of conducted meta-analysis for 49 articles containing 7484 data indicated that the rank order of type of milk based on the concentration of aflatoxin M(1) was Ultra-high temperature processing (UHT) milk (82.57 ng/kg) > raw milk (60.37 ng/kg) > pasteurized milk (PAS) (45.81 ng/kg). The pooled concentration of aflatoxin M(1) in raw and UHT milk was higher than EC (European Committee, 50 ng/kg) standard limit. The rank order of countries based on the concentration of aflatoxin M(1) in raw milk was Syria > Turkey > Iran > Egypt > Lebanon > Palestine; pasteurized milk, Turkey > Iran > Lebanon; and UHT milk, Iran > Turkey > Saudi Arabia. The overall prevalence of aflatoxin M(1) in the raw milk of Iran, Turkey, Lebanon, Palestine, Egypt, and Syria was identified as 76%, 12%, 67%, 85%, 38%, and 14%; pasteurized milk, in the Iran, Lebanon, and Turkey was 77%, 36%, and 11%; and finally UHT milk in Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey was 81%, 82%, and 62%, respectively. HI in the adult's consumer's raw milk in the Iran, Turkey, Syria, Palestine, Lebanon, and Egypt were calculated as 0.26, 0.47, 0.52, 0.34, 0.23 and 0.18; However, the HI for adult consumers of pasteurized milk in the Iran, Turkey, and Lebanon were 0.28, 0.31 and 0.11. Also, the measured HI for adult consumers of UHT milk in the Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Iran was 0.20, 0.33 and 0.50, respectively. The obtained HI for consumers of raw milk in the children age group of the Iran, Turkey, Syria, Palestine, Lebanon, and Egypt were 1.03,2.20, 2.42, 1.59, 1.05, and 0.84. The calculated HI for consumers of pasteurized milk in the children age group of the pasteurized milk in of Iran, Turkey, and Lebanon were 1.30, 1.56, and 0.50. Finally, in term of UHT milk in Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Iran were 0.94, 1.44 and 2.35, respectively. Unlike Adults, children consumers in the several Middle East countries are at considerable cancer risk due to consumption of raw, pasteurized and UHT milk contain AFM(1)(HI > 1). CI - Copyright (c) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Rahmani, Jamal AU - Rahmani J AD - Department Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. FAU - Alipour, Solmaz AU - Alipour S AD - Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. FAU - Miri, Ali AU - Miri A AD - Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran. FAU - Fakhri, Yadolah AU - Fakhri Y AD - Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: ya.fakhri@gmail.com. FAU - Riahi, Seyed-Mohammad AU - Riahi SM AD - Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. FAU - Keramati, Hassan AU - Keramati H AD - Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran. FAU - Moradi, Masoud AU - Moradi M AD - Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. FAU - Amanidaz, Nazak AU - Amanidaz N AD - Environmental Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Iran. FAU - Pouya, Rokhsane Hosseini AU - Pouya RH AD - Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran. FAU - Bahmani, Zohreh AU - Bahmani Z AD - Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. FAU - Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin AU - Mousavi Khaneghah A AD - Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80. Caixa Postal: 6121, CEP: 13083-862, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: mousavi.amin@gmail.com. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Meta-Analysis PT - Review PT - Systematic Review DEP - 20180615 PL - England TA - Food Chem Toxicol JT - Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association JID - 8207483 RN - 6795-23-9 (Aflatoxin M1) SB - IM MH - Aflatoxin M1/*analysis MH - Animals MH - Cattle MH - Humans MH - Middle East MH - Milk/*chemistry MH - *Probability MH - *Risk Assessment OTO - NOTNLM OT - Aflatoxin M(1) OT - Contamination OT - Cow milk OT - Monte Carlo simulation OT - Mycotoxins OT - Pasteurized milk OT - Raw milk OT - Risk assessment OT - UHT milk EDAT- 2018/06/15 06:00 MHDA- 2018/10/26 06:00 CRDT- 2018/06/15 06:00 PHST- 2018/02/15 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/05/30 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2018/06/07 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/06/15 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/10/26 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/06/15 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0278-6915(18)30390-9 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.fct.2018.06.016 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Food Chem Toxicol. 2018 Aug;118:653-666. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.06.016. Epub 2018 Jun 15.