PMID- 29909719
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20191031
LR  - 20200923
IS  - 1461-7285 (Electronic)
IS  - 0269-8811 (Print)
IS  - 0269-8811 (Linking)
VI  - 32
IP  - 7
DP  - 2018 Jul
TI  - Impure but not inactive: Behavioral pharmacology of dibenzylpiperazine, a common 
      by-product of benzylpiperazine synthesis.
PG  - 802-810
LID - 10.1177/0269881118780613 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Substituted piperazines comprise a substantial proportion of the 
      novel psychoactive substance market. Among the most widely abused piperazine 
      compounds are meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP), 
      tri-fluoromethylphenylpiperazine (TFMPP), and, especially, benzylpiperazine 
      (BZP), which are commonly incorporated, either alone or in combination, in 
      illicit "party pills" or "ecstasy" formulations. Illicit synthesis of BZP often 
      results in production of an impure by-product dibenzylpiperazine (DBZP), which 
      frequently appears alongside BZP in these formulations; however, despite its 
      ubiquity, little information exists regarding the abuse liability of DBZP. AIMS: 
      The current study aimed to evaluate the abuse-related behavioral pharmacology of 
      DBZP. METHODS: DBZP, mCPP, and TFMPP were tested in parallel in mice in locomotor 
      activity and conditioned place preference assays, and in a drug discrimination 
      assay with rats trained to discriminate either methamphetamine, cocaine, 
      (+/-)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), or 
      -2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine(DOM). RESULTS: Each of the compounds tested 
      produced dose-dependent decreases in locomotor activity. DBZP substituted fully 
      for methamphetamine, produced subthreshold drug-appropriate responding for 
      cocaine and MDMA, and failed to substitute for DOM. Conversely, TFMPP and mCPP 
      only produced subthreshold drug-appropriate responding for methamphetamine and 
      MDMA, respectively, and both compounds failed to substitute for cocaine or DOM. 
      None of the compounds tested produced a place preference. DBZP produced 
      convulsions in rats at the highest dose tested. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate 
      that DBZP is more similar to BZP, albeit with lower potency and efficacy, than 
      its serotonergic piperazine counterparts, and is a behaviorally-active compound 
      with some abuse liability and potential for adverse health effects.
FAU - Dolan, Sean B
AU  - Dolan SB
AD  - Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center at 
      Fort Worth, USA.
FAU - Shetty, Ritu A
AU  - Shetty RA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4240-6423
AD  - Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center at 
      Fort Worth, USA.
FAU - Forster, Michael J
AU  - Forster MJ
AD  - Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center at 
      Fort Worth, USA.
FAU - Gatch, Michael B
AU  - Gatch MB
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3474-211X
AD  - Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center at 
      Fort Worth, USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - HHSN271200700014C/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - T32 AG020494/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
DEP - 20180618
PL  - United States
TA  - J Psychopharmacol
JT  - Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)
JID - 8907828
RN  - 0 (Piperazines)
RN  - 0 (Psychotropic Drugs)
RN  - 25R3ONU51C (1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine)
RN  - 616774W5JF (N,N'-dibenzylpiperazine)
RN  - REY0CNO998 (1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Conditioning, Classical/drug effects
MH  - Discrimination Learning/drug effects
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Locomotion/drug effects
MH  - Male
MH  - Mice
MH  - Piperazines/*administration & dosage/pharmacology
MH  - Psychotropic Drugs/*administration & dosage/pharmacology
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PMC - PMC7504971
MID - NIHMS1628984
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Abuse liability
OT  - DBZP
OT  - conditioned place preference
OT  - drug discrimination
COIS- Declaration of conflicting interests The authors declare that there is no 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2018/06/19 06:00
MHDA- 2019/11/02 06:00
PMCR- 2020/09/21
CRDT- 2018/06/19 06:00
PHST- 2018/06/19 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/11/02 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/06/19 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/09/21 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1177/0269881118780613 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Psychopharmacol. 2018 Jul;32(7):802-810. doi: 10.1177/0269881118780613. Epub 
      2018 Jun 18.