PMID- 29983989
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220318
IS  - 2052-336X (Print)
IS  - 2052-336X (Electronic)
VI  - 16
IP  - 1
DP  - 2018 Jun
TI  - Occurrence of multiclass pesticide residues in tomato samples collected from 
      different markets of Iran.
PG  - 55-63
LID - 10.1007/s40201-018-0296-4 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Pesticides are a reason for popular concern due to their possible 
      unfavorable results on human safety. Most pesticide residues are present in food 
      owing to the direct application of a pesticide to a crop. The aims of this study 
      were; development a multiresidue method for analysis of 81 pesticides in tomato 
      using GC/MS, and detection and quantitation of the studied pesticides in tomato 
      samples gathered from various stores of Iran. METHODS: The pesticides were 
      assessed concurrently in a single run applying GC/MS after extraction with 
      QuEChERS method. Homogenized tomato samples were weighed into centrifuge tubes. 
      The studied pesticides were extracted using acetonitrile, followed by the 
      addition of a mixture of anhydrous magnesium sulfate and sodium acetate. In order 
      to remove excess water and other components of tomato a combination of primary 
      secondary amine and magnesium sulfate was applied, and then the extracted 
      components were analyzed by GC-MS. RESULTS: The calibration curves for all 
      analytes were linear in the range of 20-200 ng/g with a determination coefficient 
      (R(2)) in the range between 0.993 and 0.999. The LODs and LOQs were in the range 
      between 2.5-6.7 and 7.5-20 ng/g respectively, and the mean recoveries obtained 
      for three fortification levels (25,50 and 100 ng/g -five replicates each) were 
      72-116% with RSD < 20%. Six residues were found in 31 (20.7%) samples. Iprodione 
      was the most common detected residues (6.0%), followed by permethrine (4.7%), 
      esfenvalerate (4.7%), chlorpyrifos (3.3%), diazinon (2.0%), and penconazole 
      (1.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Among the detected pesticides, only Iprodione, permethrine, 
      chlorpyrifos and diazinon are registered for tomato production in Iran. With 
      exception of Chlorpyrifos and diazinon the concentrations of iprodione and 
      permethrine were found below the maximum residue levels (MRLs) established by 
      Iranian National Standard Organization (INSO). Esfenvalerate and penconazole are 
      not registered for tomato production in Iran. Therefore, it is necessary to 
      control and management of their residues in tomato.
FAU - Salamzadeh, Jamshid
AU  - Salamzadeh J
AD  - 1Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 
      Tehran, Iran. GRID: grid.411600.2
AD  - 2Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 
      Tehran, Iran. GRID: grid.411600.2
FAU - Shakoori, Attaollah
AU  - Shakoori A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1051-8201
AD  - 1Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 
      Tehran, Iran. GRID: grid.411600.2
AD  - 3Vice-Chancellor for Food and Drug Affairs, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical 
      Sciences, Tehran, Iran. GRID: grid.411600.2
FAU - Moradi, Vahideh
AU  - Moradi V
AD  - 3Vice-Chancellor for Food and Drug Affairs, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical 
      Sciences, Tehran, Iran. GRID: grid.411600.2
AD  - 4Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic 
      Azad University, Tehran, Iran. ISNI: 0000 0001 0706 2472. GRID: grid.411463.5
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20180507
PL  - England
TA  - J Environ Health Sci Eng
JT  - Journal of environmental health science & engineering
JID - 101613643
PMC - PMC6021478
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - GC-MS
OT  - Iran
OT  - Pesticide residues
OT  - Selected ion monitoring
OT  - Tomato
COIS- Compliance with Ethical StandardsNot applicable.Not applicable.The authors 
      declare that they have no competing interests.
EDAT- 2018/07/10 06:00
MHDA- 2018/07/10 06:01
PMCR- 2018/05/07
CRDT- 2018/07/10 06:00
PHST- 2016/11/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/01/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/07/10 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/07/10 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/07/10 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2018/05/07 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 296 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s40201-018-0296-4 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - J Environ Health Sci Eng. 2018 May 7;16(1):55-63. doi: 10.1007/s40201-018-0296-4. 
      eCollection 2018 Jun.