PMID- 29988896 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20201001 IS - 2220-3230 (Print) IS - 2220-3230 (Electronic) IS - 2220-3230 (Linking) VI - 8 IP - 3 DP - 2018 Jun 28 TI - Kidney exchange transplantation current status, an update and future perspectives. PG - 52-60 LID - 10.5500/wjt.v8.i3.52 [doi] AB - Kidney exchange transplantation is well established modality to increase living donor kidney transplantation. Reasons for joining kidney exchange programs are ABO blood group incompatibility, immunological incompatibility (positive cross match or donor specific antibody), human leukocyte antigen (HLA) incompatibility (poor HLA matching), chronological incompatibility and financial incompatibility. Kidney exchange transplantation has evolved from the traditional simultaneous anonymous 2-way kidney exchange to more complex ways such as 3-way exchange, 4-way exchange, n-way exchange,compatible pair, non-simultaneous kidney exchange,non-simultaneous extended altruistic donor, never ending altruistic donor, kidney exchange combined with desensitization, kidney exchange combined with ABO incompatible kidney transplantation, acceptable mismatch transplant, use of A2 donor to O patients, living donor-deceased donor list exchange, domino chain, non-anonymous kidney exchange, single center, multicenter, regional, National, International and Global kidney exchange. Here we discuss recent advances in kidney exchanges such as International kidney exchange transplantation in a global environment, three categories of advanced donation program, deceased donors as a source of chain initiating kidneys, donor renege myth or reality, pros and cons of anonymity in developed world and (non-) anonymity in developing world, pros and cons of donor travel vs kidney transport, algorithm for management of incompatible donor-recipient pairs and pros and cons of Global kidney exchange. The participating transplant teams and donor-recipient pairs should make the decision by consensus about kidney donor travel vs kidney transport and anonymity vs non-anonymity in allocation as per local resources and logistics. Future of organ transplantation in resource-limited setting will be liver vs kidney exchange, a legitimate hope or utopia? FAU - Kute, Vivek B AU - Kute VB AD - Department of Nephrology and Clinical Transplantation, Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Centre, Dr Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences, Ahmedabad 380016, India. drvivekkute@rediffmail.com. FAU - Prasad, Narayan AU - Prasad N AD - Department of Nephrology and Clinical Transplantation, SGPGI, Lucknow 226014, India. FAU - Shah, Pankaj R AU - Shah PR AD - Department of Nephrology and Clinical Transplantation, Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Centre, Dr Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences, Ahmedabad 380016, India. FAU - Modi, Pranjal R AU - Modi PR AD - Department of Urology and transplantation, Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Centre, Dr Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences, Ahmedabad 380016, India. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - United States TA - World J Transplant JT - World journal of transplantation JID - 101608356 PMC - PMC6033740 OTO - NOTNLM OT - ABO incompatible OT - Desensitization OT - Kidney exchange OT - Kidney transplantation COIS- Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors have no conflicts of interests to declare. EDAT- 2018/07/11 06:00 MHDA- 2018/07/11 06:01 PMCR- 2018/06/28 CRDT- 2018/07/11 06:00 PHST- 2017/12/06 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/01/25 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2018/03/07 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/07/11 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2018/07/11 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/07/11 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2018/06/28 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.5500/wjt.v8.i3.52 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - World J Transplant. 2018 Jun 28;8(3):52-60. doi: 10.5500/wjt.v8.i3.52.