PMID- 30004221
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190917
LR  - 20190917
IS  - 1520-5851 (Electronic)
IS  - 0013-936X (Linking)
VI  - 52
IP  - 17
DP  - 2018 Sep 4
TI  - Probabilistic Material Flow Analysis of Seven Commodity Plastics in Europe.
PG  - 9874-9888
LID - 10.1021/acs.est.8b01513 [doi]
AB  - The omnipresence of plastics in our lives and their ever-increasing application 
      range continuously raise the requirements for the monitoring of environmental and 
      health impacts related to both plastics and their additives. We present a static 
      probabilistic material flow analysis of seven polymers through the European and 
      Swiss anthropospheres to provide a strong basis for exposure assessments of 
      polymer-related impacts, which necessitates that the plastic flows from 
      production to use and finally to waste management are well-understood. We 
      consider seven different polymers, chosen for their popularity and application 
      variety: low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), 
      polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), expanded polystyrene (EPS), polyvinyl 
      chloride (PVC), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). We include synthetic 
      textile products and consider trade flows at various stages of the life cycle, 
      thus achieving a complete overview of the consumption for these polymers. In 
      Europe, the order of consumption is PP > LDPE > PET > HDPE > PVC > PS > EPS. 
      Textile products account for 42 +/- 3% of the consumption of PET and 22 +/- 4% of PP. 
      Incineration is the major waste management method for HDPE, PS, and EPS. No 
      significant difference between landfilling and incineration for the remaining 
      polymers is found. The highest recycling share is found for PVC. These results 
      can serve as a basis for a detailed assessment of exposure pathways of plastics 
      or their additives in the environment or exposure of additives on human health.
FAU - Kawecki, Delphine
AU  - Kawecki D
AD  - Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 
      Technology and Society Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 , CH-9014 St. Gallen , 
      Switzerland.
FAU - Scheeder, Paul R W
AU  - Scheeder PRW
AD  - Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 
      Technology and Society Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 , CH-9014 St. Gallen , 
      Switzerland.
FAU - Nowack, Bernd
AU  - Nowack B
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5676-112X
AD  - Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 
      Technology and Society Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 , CH-9014 St. Gallen , 
      Switzerland.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20180822
PL  - United States
TA  - Environ Sci Technol
JT  - Environmental science & technology
JID - 0213155
RN  - 0 (Plastics)
RN  - 0 (Polymers)
RN  - 0 (Polystyrenes)
SB  - IM
MH  - Europe
MH  - *Plastics
MH  - Polymers
MH  - Polystyrenes
MH  - *Recycling
EDAT- 2018/07/14 06:00
MHDA- 2019/09/19 06:00
CRDT- 2018/07/14 06:00
PHST- 2018/07/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/09/19 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/07/14 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1021/acs.est.8b01513 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Technol. 2018 Sep 4;52(17):9874-9888. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01513. 
      Epub 2018 Aug 22.