PMID- 30011989
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190718
LR  - 20190718
IS  - 2156-8944 (Electronic)
IS  - 2156-8944 (Linking)
VI  - 20
IP  - 9
DP  - 2018 Sep 10
TI  - Development of Biphasic Formulations for Use in Electrowetting-Based Liquid 
      Lenses with a High Refractive Index Difference.
PG  - 554-566
LID - 10.1021/acscombsci.8b00042 [doi]
AB  - Commercial electrowetting-based liquid lenses are optical devices containing two 
      immiscible liquids as an optical medium. The first phase is a droplet of a high 
      refractive index oil phase placed in a ring-shaped chassis. The second phase is 
      electrically conductive and has a similar density over a wide temperature range. 
      Droplet curvature and refractive index difference of two liquids determine the 
      optical strength of the lens. Liquid lenses take advantage of the electrowetting 
      effect, which induces a change of the interface's curvature by applying a 
      voltage, thereby providing a variable focal that is useful in autofocus 
      applications. The first generation of lens modules were highly reliable, but the 
      optical strength and application scope was limited by a low refractive index 
      difference between the oil and conductive phase. Described herein is an effort to 
      increase the refractive index difference between both phases, while maintaining 
      other critical application characteristics of the liquids, including a low 
      freezing point, viscosity, phase miscibility, and turbidity after thermal shock. 
      An important challenge was the requirement that both phases have to have matching 
      densities and hence had to be optimized simultaneously. Using high throughput 
      experimentation in conjunction with statistical design of experiments (DOE), we 
      have developed a series of empirical models to predict multiple physicochemical 
      properties of both phases and derived ideal locations within the formulation 
      space. This approach enabled the development of reliable liquid lenses with a 
      previously unavailable refractive index difference of Delta n(D) of >/=0.290, which 
      enabled true optical zooming capability.
FAU - Ober, Matthias S
AU  - Ober MS
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4719-8443
AD  - Core R&D , The Dow Chemical Company , Midland , Michigan 48674 , United States.
FAU - Dermody, Daniel
AU  - Dermody D
AD  - Core R&D , The Dow Chemical Company , Midland , Michigan 48674 , United States.
FAU - Maillard, Mathieu
AU  - Maillard M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7290-2925
AD  - Corning Technology Center-Lyon , 24 rue Jean Baldassini , 69007 Lyon , France.
FAU - Amiot, Franck
AU  - Amiot F
AD  - Corning Technology Center-Lyon , 24 rue Jean Baldassini , 69007 Lyon , France.
FAU - Malet, Geraldine
AU  - Malet G
AD  - Corning Technology Center-Lyon , 24 rue Jean Baldassini , 69007 Lyon , France.
FAU - Burger, Benjamin
AU  - Burger B
AD  - Corning Technology Center-Lyon , 24 rue Jean Baldassini , 69007 Lyon , France.
FAU - Woelfle-Gupta, Caroline
AU  - Woelfle-Gupta C
AD  - Core R&D , The Dow Chemical Company , Midland , Michigan 48674 , United States.
FAU - Berge, Bruno
AU  - Berge B
AD  - Corning Technology Center-Lyon , 24 rue Jean Baldassini , 69007 Lyon , France.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20180822
PL  - United States
TA  - ACS Comb Sci
JT  - ACS combinatorial science
JID - 101540531
RN  - 0 (Oils)
RN  - 059QF0KO0R (Water)
SB  - IM
MH  - Electrowetting/*methods
MH  - Equipment Design/instrumentation
MH  - Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
MH  - *Lenses
MH  - Oils/chemistry
MH  - Phase Transition
MH  - *Refractometry
MH  - Transition Temperature
MH  - Viscosity
MH  - Water/chemistry
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - electrowetting effect
OT  - liquid lenses
OT  - simultaneous optimization
OT  - statistical design of experiments
EDAT- 2018/07/18 06:00
MHDA- 2019/07/19 06:00
CRDT- 2018/07/18 06:00
PHST- 2018/07/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/07/19 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/07/18 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1021/acscombsci.8b00042 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - ACS Comb Sci. 2018 Sep 10;20(9):554-566. doi: 10.1021/acscombsci.8b00042. Epub 
      2018 Aug 22.