PMID- 30012189
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20181127
LR  - 20181127
IS  - 1756-3305 (Electronic)
IS  - 1756-3305 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 1
DP  - 2018 Jul 16
TI  - Pike intestinal reaction to Acanthocephalus lucii (Acanthocephala): 
      immunohistochemical and ultrastructural surveys.
PG  - 424
LID - 10.1186/s13071-018-3002-6 [doi]
LID - 424
AB  - BACKGROUND: The Northern pike, Esox lucius, is a large, long-lived, top-predator 
      fish species and occupies a broad range of aquatic environments. This species is 
      on its way to becoming an important model organism and has the potential to 
      contribute new knowledge and a better understanding of ecology and evolutionary 
      biology. Very few studies have been done on the intestinal pathology of pike 
      infected with helminths. The present study details the first Italian record of 
      adult Acanthocephalus lucii reported in the intestine of E. lucius. RESULTS: A 
      total of 22 pike from Lake Piediluco (Central Italy) were examined, of which 16 
      (72.7%) were infected with A. lucii. The most affected areas of gastrointestinal 
      tract were the medium and distal intestine. The intensity of infection ranged 
      from 1 to 18 parasites per host. Acanthocephalus lucii penetrated mucosal and 
      submucosal layers which had a high number of mast cells (MCs) with an intense 
      degranulation. The cellular elements involved in the immune response within the 
      intestine of pike were assessed by ultrastructural techniques and 
      immunohistochemistry using antibodies against met-enkephalin, immunoglobulin E 
      (IgE)-like receptor (FCepsilonRIgamma), histamine, interleukin-6, interleukin-1beta, substance 
      P, lysozyme, serotonin, inducible-nitric oxide synthase (i-NOS), tumor necrosis 
      factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and the antimicrobial peptide piscidin 3 (P3). In intestines of 
      the pike, several MCs were immunopositive to 9 out of the 11 aforementioned 
      antibodies and infected fish had a higher number of positive MCs when compared to 
      uninfected fish. CONCLUSIONS: Pike intestinal tissue response to A. lucii was 
      documented. Numerous MCs were seen throughout the mucosa and submucosal layers. 
      In infected and uninfected intestines of pike, MCs were the dominant immune cell 
      type encountered; they are the most common granulocyte type involved in several 
      fish-helminth systems. Immunopositivity of MCs to 9 out of 11 antibodies is of 
      great interest and these cells could play an important key role in the host 
      response to an enteric helminth. This is the first report of A. lucii in an 
      Italian population of E. lucius and the first account on positivity of MCs to 
      piscidin 3 and histamine in a non-perciform fish.
FAU - Sayyaf Dezfuli, Bahram
AU  - Sayyaf Dezfuli B
AD  - Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St. Borsari 
      46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy. dzb@unife.it.
FAU - Giari, Luisa
AU  - Giari L
AD  - Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St. Borsari 
      46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
FAU - Lorenzoni, Massimo
AU  - Lorenzoni M
AD  - Department of Cellular and Environmental Biology, University of Perugia, St. Elce 
      di sotto 5, 06123, Perugia, Italy.
FAU - Carosi, Antonella
AU  - Carosi A
AD  - Department of Cellular and Environmental Biology, University of Perugia, St. Elce 
      di sotto 5, 06123, Perugia, Italy.
FAU - Manera, Maurizio
AU  - Manera M
AD  - Faculty of Biosciences, Agro-Alimentary and Environmental Technologies, 
      University of Teramo, St. Crispi 212, I-64100, Teramo, Italy.
FAU - Bosi, Giampaolo
AU  - Bosi G
AD  - Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Universita degli Studi di 
      Milano, Milan, Italy.
LA  - eng
GR  - FAR2017/Universita degli Studi di Ferrara/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20180716
PL  - England
TA  - Parasit Vectors
JT  - Parasites & vectors
JID - 101462774
SB  - IM
MH  - *Acanthocephala
MH  - Animals
MH  - Fish Diseases/immunology/*parasitology/pathology
MH  - Fishes/*parasitology
MH  - Immunohistochemistry
MH  - Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/*veterinary
MH  - Intestines/parasitology/*ultrastructure
MH  - Parasitic Diseases, Animal/immunology/*parasitology/pathology
PMC - PMC6048848
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Acanthocephalus lucii
OT  - Esox lucius
OT  - Fish
OT  - Helminth
OT  - Histamine
OT  - Inflammation
OT  - Mast cells
OT  - Piscidin 3
COIS- ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE: All applicable institutional and/or 
      national guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. The study was 
      approved by the ethical board of University of Ferrara, Italy. CONSENT FOR 
      PUBLICATION: Not applicable. COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare that they 
      have no competing interests. PUBLISHER'S NOTE: Springer Nature remains neutral 
      with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional 
      affiliations.
EDAT- 2018/07/18 06:00
MHDA- 2018/11/28 06:00
PMCR- 2018/07/16
CRDT- 2018/07/18 06:00
PHST- 2018/03/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/07/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/07/18 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/07/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/11/28 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/07/16 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1186/s13071-018-3002-6 [pii]
AID - 3002 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s13071-018-3002-6 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Parasit Vectors. 2018 Jul 16;11(1):424. doi: 10.1186/s13071-018-3002-6.