PMID- 30015170
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180927
LR  - 20181004
IS  - 1879-2057 (Electronic)
IS  - 0001-4575 (Linking)
VI  - 119
DP  - 2018 Oct
TI  - A study on correlation of pedestrian head injuries with physical parameters using 
      in-depth traffic accident data and mathematical models.
PG  - 91-103
LID - S0001-4575(18)30310-5 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.aap.2018.07.012 [doi]
AB  - The objective of the present study is to predict brain injuries and injury 
      severities from realworld traffic accidents via in-depth investigation of head 
      impact responses, injuries and brain injury tolerances. Firstly, a total of 43 
      passenger car versus adult pedestrian accidents were selected from two databases 
      of the In-depth Investigation of Vehicle Accidents in Changsha of China (IVAC) 
      and the German In-Depth Accident Study (GIDAS). In a previous study the 43 
      accidents were reconstructed by using the multi-body system (MBS) model (Peng et 
      al., 2013a) for determining the initial conditions of the head-windscreen impact 
      in each accident. Then, a study of the head injuries and injury mechanisms is 
      carried out via 43 finite element (FE) modelings of a head strike to a 
      windscreen, in which the boundary and loading conditions are defined according to 
      results from accident reconstructions, including impact velocity, position and 
      orientation of the head FE model. The brain dynamic responses were calculated for 
      the physical parameters of the coup/countercoup pressure, von Mises and maximum 
      shear stresses at the cerebrum, the callosum, the cerebellum and the brain stem. 
      In addition, head injury criteria, including the cumulative strain damage measure 
      (CSDM) (with tissue level strain threshold 0.20) and the dilatational damage 
      measure (DDM), were developed in order to predict the diffuse axonal injury (DAI) 
      and contusions, respectively. The correlations between calculated parameters and 
      brain injuries were determined via comparing the simulation results with the 
      observed injuries in accident data. The regression models were developed for 
      predicting the injury risks in terms of the brain dynamic responses and the 
      calculated CSDM and DDM values. The results indicate that the predicted values of 
      50% probability causing head injuries in the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 2+ 
      correspond to coup pressure 167 kPa, countercoup pressure -117 kPa, von Mises 
      16.3 kPa and shear stress 7.9 kPa respectively, and causing AIS 3+ head injuries 
      were 227 kPa, -169 kPa, 24.2 kPa and 12.2 kPa respectively. The results also 
      suggest that a 50% probability of contusions corresponds to CSDM value of 48% at 
      strain levels of 0.2, and the 50% probability of contusions corresponds to a DDM 
      value of 6.7%.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Huang, Jing
AU  - Huang J
AD  - Research Center of Vehicle and Traffic Safety (VTS), State Key Laboratory of 
      Advanced Design and Manufacture for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, 410082, 
      China.
FAU - Peng, Yong
AU  - Peng Y
AD  - Research Center of Vehicle and Traffic Safety (VTS), State Key Laboratory of 
      Advanced Design and Manufacture for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, 410082, 
      China; Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education, School 
      of Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 
      410075, China.
FAU - Yang, Jikuang
AU  - Yang J
AD  - Research Center of Vehicle and Traffic Safety (VTS), State Key Laboratory of 
      Advanced Design and Manufacture for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, 410082, 
      China; Department of Applied Mechanics, Chalmers University of Technology, 
      Sweden. Electronic address: jikuangyang@hnu.edu.cn.
FAU - Otte, Dietmar
AU  - Otte D
AD  - Accident Research Unit, Medical University of Hannover, 30625, Germany.
FAU - Wang, Bingyu
AU  - Wang B
AD  - Research Center of Vehicle and Traffic Safety (VTS), State Key Laboratory of 
      Advanced Design and Manufacture for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, 410082, 
      China; Xiamen University of Technology, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20180714
PL  - England
TA  - Accid Anal Prev
JT  - Accident; analysis and prevention
JID - 1254476
SB  - IM
MH  - Abbreviated Injury Scale
MH  - *Accidents, Traffic
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - Brain/*physiology
MH  - Brain Injuries/*etiology
MH  - China
MH  - Contusions/etiology
MH  - Craniocerebral Trauma/*etiology
MH  - Diffuse Axonal Injury/etiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Models, Biological
MH  - Models, Theoretical
MH  - *Motor Vehicles
MH  - *Pedestrians
MH  - Physical Examination
MH  - Pressure
MH  - Stress, Mechanical
MH  - Young Adult
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Brain injury mechanism
OT  - Human head FE model
OT  - Pedestrian safety
OT  - Reconstruction
OT  - Tolerance threshold
OT  - Traffic accident
EDAT- 2018/07/18 06:00
MHDA- 2018/09/28 06:00
CRDT- 2018/07/18 06:00
PHST- 2018/02/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/07/03 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/07/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/07/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/09/28 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/07/18 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0001-4575(18)30310-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.aap.2018.07.012 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Accid Anal Prev. 2018 Oct;119:91-103. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.07.012. Epub 2018 
      Jul 14.