PMID- 30028471
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190201
LR  - 20190201
IS  - 2040-3372 (Electronic)
IS  - 2040-3364 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 30
DP  - 2018 Aug 2
TI  - Reduction of graphene oxide alters its cyto-compatibility towards primary and 
      immortalized macrophages.
PG  - 14637-14650
LID - 10.1039/c8nr02798f [doi]
AB  - Graphene oxide (GO) and its derivatives (e.g., reduced graphene oxide, RGO) have 
      shown great promise in biomedicine. Although many studies have been conducted to 
      understand the relative cyto-compatibility between GO and RGO materials, the 
      results are inconclusive and controversial. In this study, we compared the 
      biocompatibility aspects (e.g. cytotoxicity, pro-inflammatory effects and 
      impairment of cellular morphology) between parental and reduced GOs towards 
      macrophages using primary bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and J774A.1 
      cell line. Two RGOs (RGO1 and RGO2) with differential reduction levels relative 
      to the parental GO were prepared. Intriguingly, besides loss of oxygen-containing 
      functional groups, significant morphological alteration of GO occurred, from the 
      sheet-like structure to a polygonal curled shape for RGO, without significant 
      aggregation in biological medium. Cytotoxicity assessment unveiled that the RGOs 
      were more toxic than pristine GO to both types of cells. It was surprising to 
      find for the first time (to our knowledge) that GO and RGOs elicited different 
      effects on the morphological changes of BMDMs, as reflected by elongated 
      protrusions from GO treatment and shortened protrusions from the RGOs. 
      Furthermore, RGOs induced greater pro-inflammatory responses than GO, especially 
      in BMDMs. Compromised cyto-compatibility of RGOs was attributable (at least 
      partially) to their greater oxidative stress in macrophages. Mechanistically, 
      these differences in bio-reactivities between GO and RGO should be boiled down to 
      (at least in part) the synergistic effects from the variation of 
      oxygen-containing functional groups and the distinct morphology in between. This 
      study unearthed the crucial contribution of reduction-mediated detrimental 
      cellular effects between GO and RGO towards macrophages.
FAU - Wu, Yakun
AU  - Wu Y
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research 
      Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 
      100085, China. sjliu@rcees.ac.cn.
FAU - Wang, Fanfan
AU  - Wang F
FAU - Wang, Shunhao
AU  - Wang S
FAU - Ma, Juan
AU  - Ma J
FAU - Xu, Ming
AU  - Xu M
FAU - Gao, Ming
AU  - Gao M
FAU - Liu, Rui
AU  - Liu R
FAU - Chen, Wei
AU  - Chen W
FAU - Liu, Sijin
AU  - Liu S
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Nanoscale
JT  - Nanoscale
JID - 101525249
RN  - 0 (Oxides)
RN  - 0 (graphene oxide)
RN  - 7782-42-5 (Graphite)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Graphite/*chemistry
MH  - Macrophages/*drug effects
MH  - Male
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred BALB C
MH  - Nanoparticles/*chemistry
MH  - Oxidative Stress
MH  - Oxides
EDAT- 2018/07/22 06:00
MHDA- 2019/02/02 06:00
CRDT- 2018/07/21 06:00
PHST- 2018/07/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/02/02 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/07/21 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1039/c8nr02798f [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nanoscale. 2018 Aug 2;10(30):14637-14650. doi: 10.1039/c8nr02798f.