PMID- 30029104
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180919
LR  - 20180919
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 645
DP  - 2018 Dec 15
TI  - Life Cycle Assessment of a shale gas exploration and exploitation project in the 
      province of Burgos, Spain.
PG  - 130-145
LID - S0048-9697(18)32570-1 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.085 [doi]
AB  - Natural gas (NG) from shale formations (or shale gas) is an unconventional energy 
      resource whose potential environmental impacts are still not adequately assessed. 
      Hence, this study performs a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of shale gas considering 
      a gas well under appraisal in Burgos, Spain. An attributional model was 
      developed, considering the NG pre-production and production phases in the system 
      boundaries, considering 1 MJ of processed NG as a functional unit. Results were 
      obtained through the CML-IA baseline method (developed by the Center of 
      Environmental Science of Leiden University) and showed that well design, drilling 
      and casing, hydraulic fracturing, NG production, gathering, and processing are 
      critical processes. To better address the environmental impacts, a comparison 
      with similar studies was carried out, as well as a sensitivity and an uncertainty 
      analysis using Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). The model was found to be 
      particularly sensitive to water usage in hydraulic fracturing and to the number 
      of workovers with hydraulic fracturing. Limited data availability for shale gas 
      exploration still poses a challenge for an accurate LCA. Even though shale gas 
      remains controversial, it still can be considered as a strategic energy resource, 
      requiring a precautionary approach when considering its exploitation and 
      exploration.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Costa, D
AU  - Costa D
AD  - Centre for Natural Resources and Environment (CERENA), Faculty of Engineering, 
      University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal. 
      Electronic address: daniele.costa@fe.up.pt.
FAU - Neto, B
AU  - Neto B
AD  - Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes (CEMMPRE), Faculty of 
      Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, 
      Portugal.
FAU - Danko, A S
AU  - Danko AS
AD  - Centre for Natural Resources and Environment (CERENA), Faculty of Engineering, 
      University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
FAU - Fiuza, A
AU  - Fiuza A
AD  - Centre for Natural Resources and Environment (CERENA), Faculty of Engineering, 
      University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20180717
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
OT  - Monte Carlo simulation (MCS)
OT  - Natural gas
OT  - Sensitivity analysis
OT  - Shale gas
OT  - Spain
EDAT- 2018/07/22 06:00
MHDA- 2018/07/22 06:01
CRDT- 2018/07/21 06:00
PHST- 2018/05/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/07/02 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/07/07 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/07/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/07/22 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2018/07/21 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0048-9697(18)32570-1 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.085 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2018 Dec 15;645:130-145. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.085. 
      Epub 2018 Jul 17.