PMID- 30029998
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20181126
LR  - 20231213
IS  - 1872-7549 (Electronic)
IS  - 0166-4328 (Linking)
VI  - 353
DP  - 2018 Nov 1
TI  - Rosmarinic acid reverses the deleterious effects of repetitive stress and tat 
      protein.
PG  - 203-209
LID - S0166-4328(17)31814-4 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.07.010 [doi]
AB  - Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) has infected more than 40 million 
      people worldwide and is associated with central nervous system (CNS) disruption 
      in at least 30% of these persons. The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy 
      (HAART) has significantly reduced the systemic immunopathology associated with 
      HIV, but the occurrence of neurological disorders continues to be reported in 
      notable numbers. The present study evaluated the potential of rosmarinic acid to 
      reverse the detrimental effects of an intracerebral injection of the viral 
      protein tat. Control and tat-injected rats were also subjected to repetitive 
      restrain stress (RRS) for 28 days, 6 h per day, to investigate whether subsequent 
      stress exposure would worsen the effects of tat. 14 days after the initiation of 
      RRS, animals were treated with rosmarinic acid (10 mg/kg given intraperitoneally) 
      daily until the end of the stress exposure period. We assessed locomotor activity 
      and anxiety-like behavioral changes. We also measured plasma corticosterone 
      levels and quantified the expression of mineralocorticoid receptors (MR), 
      glucocorticoid receptors (GR) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the 
      hippocampus. Rosmarinic acid attenuated anxiety-like behavior induced by tat and 
      stress, reduced plasma corticosterone levels and increased the expression of 
      hippocampal GR, MR and BDNF when compared to controls. These results suggest that 
      rosmarinic acid may reverse the anxiogenic effect of HIV-1 viral protein tat and 
      related stress through modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and 
      hippocampal neurotrophic factor levels.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Makhathini, Khayelihle B
AU  - Makhathini KB
AD  - School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Science, 
      University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa. Electronic address: 
      Makhathini.kb@gmail.com.
FAU - Mabandla, Musa V
AU  - Mabandla MV
AD  - School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Science, 
      University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
FAU - Daniels, William M U
AU  - Daniels WMU
AD  - School of Phyisiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South 
      Africa.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20180718
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Behav Brain Res
JT  - Behavioural brain research
JID - 8004872
RN  - 0 (Anti-Anxiety Agents)
RN  - 0 (Bdnf protein, rat)
RN  - 0 (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor)
RN  - 0 (Cinnamates)
RN  - 0 (Depsides)
RN  - 0 (Gene Products, tat)
RN  - 0 (Neuroprotective Agents)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Glucocorticoid)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Mineralocorticoid)
RN  - W980KJ009P (Corticosterone)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anti-Anxiety Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - Anxiety/*drug therapy/metabolism
MH  - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism
MH  - Cinnamates/*pharmacology
MH  - Corticosterone/blood
MH  - Depsides/*pharmacology
MH  - Gene Products, tat/*toxicity
MH  - Hippocampus/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - Motor Activity/drug effects
MH  - Neuroprotective Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - Random Allocation
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Receptors, Glucocorticoid/metabolism
MH  - Receptors, Mineralocorticoid/metabolism
MH  - Stress, Psychological/*drug therapy/metabolism
MH  - Rosmarinic Acid
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Anxiety
OT  - BDNF
OT  - Corticosterone
OT  - Glucocorticoid receptors
OT  - Hippocampus
OT  - Mineralocorticoid receptors
OT  - Rosmarinic acid
EDAT- 2018/07/22 06:00
MHDA- 2018/11/27 06:00
CRDT- 2018/07/22 06:00
PHST- 2017/11/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/06/29 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/07/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/07/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/11/27 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/07/22 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0166-4328(17)31814-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.07.010 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Behav Brain Res. 2018 Nov 1;353:203-209. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.07.010. Epub 
      2018 Jul 18.