PMID- 30030651 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20201001 IS - 1939-8425 (Print) IS - 1939-8433 (Electronic) IS - 1939-8425 (Linking) VI - 11 IP - 1 DP - 2018 Jul 20 TI - Overexpression of OsbHLH107, a member of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor family, enhances grain size in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PG - 41 LID - 10.1186/s12284-018-0237-y [doi] LID - 41 AB - BACKGROUND: Grain size, which is determined by grain length, grain width, and grain thickness, is an important determinant for grain yield in rice. Identification and characterization of new genes that are associated with grain size will be helpful for the improvement of grain yield in rice. RESULTS: We characterized the grain size mutant, larger grain size 1 (lgs1), derived from rice activation-tagged T-DNA insertion lines. Histological analysis showed that increased cell numbers in the longitudinal direction of spikelet hulls was responsible for the grain mutant phenotype in lgs1. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis further showed that the expression levels of genes associated with the cell cycle in the young panicles of the lgs1 were higher than those in the wild type (WT), which might result in the increased cell numbers in lgs1 spikelet hulls. Insertion site analysis together with transgenic experiments confirmed that the lgs1 phenotype was caused by enhanced expression of truncated OsbHLH107, corresponding to the nucleotide (nt) 331-846 region (i.e., the transcriptional activation region of OsbHLH107) of the OsbHLH107 coding sequence (CDS). OsbHLH107 is a nucleus-localized bHLH transcription factor, which can form a homodimer with itself. Phylogenetic analysis showed that OsbHLH107 belonged to the same subfamily as OsPILs. OsPIL13 (OsPIL1) and OsPIL16 (APG) were reported to regulate grain size in rice. By transgenic experiments, we found that OsPIL11 could also regulate grain size. CONCLUSION: We concluded that OsbHLH107 and its homologs are important regulators of grain size development and might be useful for grain yield improvement in rice. FAU - Yang, Xiaoming AU - Yang X AD - State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Research Center of Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China. FAU - Ren, Yulong AU - Ren Y AD - National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China. FAU - Cai, Yue AU - Cai Y AD - State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Research Center of Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China. FAU - Niu, Mei AU - Niu M AD - State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Research Center of Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China. FAU - Feng, Zhiming AU - Feng Z AD - State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Research Center of Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China. FAU - Jing, Ruonan AU - Jing R AD - State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Research Center of Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China. FAU - Mou, Changling AU - Mou C AD - State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Research Center of Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China. FAU - Liu, Xi AU - Liu X AD - State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Research Center of Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China. FAU - Xiao, Lianjie AU - Xiao L AD - State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Research Center of Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China. FAU - Zhang, Xin AU - Zhang X AD - National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China. FAU - Wu, Fuqing AU - Wu F AD - National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China. FAU - Guo, Xiuping AU - Guo X AD - National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China. FAU - Jiang, Ling AU - Jiang L AD - State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Research Center of Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China. jiangling@njau.edu.cn. FAU - Wan, Jianmin AU - Wan J AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7813-4362 AD - State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Research Center of Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China. wanjm@njau.edu.cn. AD - National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China. wanjm@njau.edu.cn. LA - eng GR - 2016YFD0100101-08/National Key Research and Development Program of China/ GR - 2016ZX08001006/National Transformation Science and Technology Program/ GR - BE2017368/Jiangsu Science and Technology Development Program/ GR - CX(16)1029/Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund project of Jiangsu Province/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20180720 PL - United States TA - Rice (N Y) JT - Rice (New York, N.Y.) JID - 101503136 PMC - PMC6054598 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Cell cycle OT - Cell proliferation OT - PILs OT - bHLH COIS- AUTHORS' INFORMATION: Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Ling Jiang (jiangling@njau.edu.cn) and Jianmin Wan (wanjm@njau.edu.cn or wanjm@caas.cn). ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE: Not applicable. CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION: Not applicable. COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. PUBLISHER'S NOTE: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. EDAT- 2018/07/22 06:00 MHDA- 2018/07/22 06:01 PMCR- 2018/07/20 CRDT- 2018/07/22 06:00 PHST- 2018/01/25 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/07/16 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/07/22 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2018/07/22 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/07/22 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2018/07/20 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1186/s12284-018-0237-y [pii] AID - 237 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s12284-018-0237-y [doi] PST - epublish SO - Rice (N Y). 2018 Jul 20;11(1):41. doi: 10.1186/s12284-018-0237-y.