PMID- 30031538
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20181108
LR  - 20181108
IS  - 1618-0372 (Electronic)
IS  - 0065-1281 (Linking)
VI  - 120
IP  - 6
DP  - 2018 Aug
TI  - High dose Allura Red, rather than the ADI dose, induces structural and behavioral 
      changes in the medial prefrontal cortex of rats and taurine can protect it.
PG  - 586-594
LID - S0065-1281(18)30043-6 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.acthis.2018.07.004 [doi]
AB  - Allura Red is a food color that can lead to neurotoxicity. Taurine is an organic 
      compound that can act as a neuroprotectant. This study aimed to assess the 
      effects of Allura Red with or without taurine consumption on rats' medial 
      Prefrontal Cortex (mPFC). The subjects were divided into six groups as follows: 
      distilled water, taurine (200 mg/kg/day), and low (7 mg/kg/day = acceptable daily 
      dose), and high (70 mg/kg/day) doses of Allura Red with or without taurine 
      consumption for six weeks. The results of novel objects recognition and eight-arm 
      radial maze tests indicated impairment of memory in the Allura Red groups. 
      Subsequently, their brains were analyzed using stereological methods. Both doses 
      of Allura Red caused an increase in working and reference memory errors during 
      the acquisition and retention phases in comparison to the distilled water group 
      (p < 0.01). Additionally, the high dose of Allura Red led to a reduction in the 
      volume of mPFC (35%) and its subdivisions, number of neurons (59%) and glial 
      cells (46%), length of dendrites, and number of spines (mushroom and thin) per 
      dendritic length in comparison to the distilled water group (p < 0.05). The low 
      dose group only showed a reduction in the number of glial cells. However, 
      simultaneous treatment of rats with taurine plus Allura Red prevented the 
      above-mentioned changes. The acceptable daily dose of Allura Red could bring 
      about impairment in spatial learning and memory as well as in the number of glial 
      cells. On the other hand, the high dose of Allura Red could impair learning, 
      memory, and mPFC structure. Thus, taurine could act as a neuroprotectant.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2018 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
FAU - Noorafshan, Ali
AU  - Noorafshan A
AD  - Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical 
      Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University 
      of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
FAU - Hashemi, Maedeh
AU  - Hashemi M
AD  - Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical 
      Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University 
      of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
FAU - Karbalay-Doust, Saied
AU  - Karbalay-Doust S
AD  - Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical 
      Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University 
      of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Electronic address: karbalas@sums.ac.ir.
FAU - Karimi, Fatemeh
AU  - Karimi F
AD  - Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical 
      Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University 
      of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20180719
PL  - Germany
TA  - Acta Histochem
JT  - Acta histochemica
JID - 0370320
RN  - 0 (Azo Compounds)
RN  - 0 (Neuroprotective Agents)
RN  - 1EQV5MLY3D (Taurine)
RN  - 25956-17-6 (Allura Red AC Dye)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Azo Compounds/*toxicity
MH  - Behavior, Animal/*drug effects
MH  - *Dendrites/metabolism/pathology
MH  - Male
MH  - Memory/*drug effects
MH  - Neuroglia
MH  - Neuroprotective Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - *Prefrontal Cortex/metabolism/pathology
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Spatial Learning/*drug effects
MH  - Taurine/*pharmacology
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Allura Red
OT  - Cortex
OT  - Rat
OT  - Stereology
OT  - Taurine
EDAT- 2018/07/23 06:00
MHDA- 2018/11/09 06:00
CRDT- 2018/07/23 06:00
PHST- 2018/02/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/07/11 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/07/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/07/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/11/09 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/07/23 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0065-1281(18)30043-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.acthis.2018.07.004 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Acta Histochem. 2018 Aug;120(6):586-594. doi: 10.1016/j.acthis.2018.07.004. Epub 
      2018 Jul 19.