PMID- 30032457
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20181217
LR  - 20221207
IS  - 1436-6215 (Electronic)
IS  - 1436-6207 (Linking)
VI  - 57
IP  - 7
DP  - 2018 Oct
TI  - Large artery stiffness is associated with salt intake in young healthy black but 
      not white adults: the African-PREDICT study.
PG  - 2649-2656
LID - 10.1007/s00394-018-1791-1 [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE: There is global consensus on the benefits of reducing excessive salt 
      intake. Indeed, lower salt intake associates with reduced arterial stiffness, a 
      well-established predictor of cardiovascular risk, in older populations. Whether 
      high habitual salt intake in healthy normotensive youth may already contribute to 
      increased arterial stiffness is unknown. We, therefore, determined whether 
      estimated salt intake is associated with large artery stiffness in young healthy 
      black and white adults. METHODS: We included 693 black and white adults (51% 
      black; 42% men), aged 20-30 years. Participants were normotensive based on clinic 
      blood pressure, and no previous diagnosed chronic illnesses. We measured carotid 
      femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and determined estimated salt intake based on 
      24 h urinary sodium excretion. RESULTS: We found estimated salt consumption of 
      > 5 g/day in 47% of our population, whereas 21% consumed > 10 g/day. In 
      multivariable-adjusted regression analyses a positive association existed between 
      estimated salt intake and cfPWV in the total group (Adj. R(2) = 0.32; std. 
      beta = 0.10; p = 0.007), and black adults (Adj. R(2) = 0.37; std. beta = 0.12; 
      p = 0.029). This was independent of age, sex, mean arterial pressure, and other 
      covariates. No association was evident in white individuals (p = 0.19). 
      CONCLUSION: Excessive salt intake is positively associated with large artery 
      stiffness-independent of blood pressure-in young adults, especially in black 
      individuals. Our results suggest a potential contributory role of salt 
      consumption towards early vascular aging.
FAU - Strauss, Michel
AU  - Strauss M
AD  - Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Private Bag 
      X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
FAU - Smith, Wayne
AU  - Smith W
AD  - Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Private Bag 
      X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
AD  - MRC Research Unit: Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West 
      University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
FAU - Kruger, Ruan
AU  - Kruger R
AD  - Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Private Bag 
      X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
AD  - MRC Research Unit: Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West 
      University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
FAU - van der Westhuizen, Bianca
AU  - van der Westhuizen B
AD  - Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Private Bag 
      X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
FAU - Schutte, Aletta E
AU  - Schutte AE
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9217-4937
AD  - Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Private Bag 
      X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa. Alta.Schutte@nwu.ac.za.
AD  - MRC Research Unit: Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West 
      University, Potchefstroom, South Africa. Alta.Schutte@nwu.ac.za.
LA  - eng
GR  - MC_PC_16095/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
GR  - UID86895/DST/NRF SARCHI/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20180721
PL  - Germany
TA  - Eur J Nutr
JT  - European journal of nutrition
JID - 100888704
RN  - 0 (Sodium Chloride, Dietary)
SB  - IM
EIN - Eur J Nutr. 2018 Aug 4;:. PMID: 30078090
MH  - Adult
MH  - Arteries
MH  - *Black People
MH  - Blood Pressure
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Pulse Wave Analysis
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Sodium Chloride, Dietary/*administration & dosage/*adverse effects
MH  - *Vascular Stiffness
MH  - *White People
MH  - Young Adult
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Arterial stiffness
OT  - Black
OT  - Estimated salt intake
OT  - Healthy
OT  - Young
EDAT- 2018/07/23 06:00
MHDA- 2018/12/18 06:00
CRDT- 2018/07/23 06:00
PHST- 2018/05/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/07/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/07/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/12/18 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/07/23 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s00394-018-1791-1 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s00394-018-1791-1 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eur J Nutr. 2018 Oct;57(7):2649-2656. doi: 10.1007/s00394-018-1791-1. Epub 2018 
      Jul 21.