PMID- 30072754
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20191021
LR  - 20191022
IS  - 2045-2322 (Electronic)
IS  - 2045-2322 (Linking)
VI  - 8
IP  - 1
DP  - 2018 Aug 2
TI  - Effect of imidacloprid ingestion on immune responses to porcine reproductive and 
      respiratory syndrome virus.
PG  - 11615
LID - 10.1038/s41598-018-30093-6 [doi]
LID - 11615
AB  - Nicotine and acetylcholine cause immunosuppresion by signaling to the alpha7 
      nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) on immune cells. Neonicotinoids are 
      nAChR agonists and widly used insecticides. We aimed to define the 
      immunosuppressive potential of dietary exposure to the neonicotinoid imidacloprid 
      (IMI) on the generation of innate and adaptive immune responses to porcine 
      reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Piglets were randomized into 
      groups based on diet and infection. Behavioral signs of illness were recorded. 
      Urine IMI levels were measured by high performance liquid chromatography-mass 
      spectrometry. Flow cytometry was used to determine the expression pattern of the 
      alpha7 nAChR on porcine leukocytes as well as the effects of infection and treatment 
      on circulating leukocyte populations. Serum cytokines and PRRSV-specific antibody 
      levels were determined by ELISA. Viral RNA in lung, spleen and plasma was 
      determined by RT-qPCR. Pigs in the treatment group had elevated urine levels of 
      IMI. Treatment with IMI reduced body weight, caused bouts of hypothermia, 
      increased serum IL-10 and elevated levels of virus-specific antibodies. Viral RNA 
      levels in the spleen showed a trend toward being increased in pigs fed IMI. Our 
      data indicates that IMI injection may modulate virus specific immune function 
      during PRRSV infection.
FAU - Hernandez, J
AU  - Hernandez J
AD  - Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 
      IL, 61801, USA.
AD  - Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois 
      Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
FAU - Volland, A
AU  - Volland A
AD  - Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 
      IL, 61801, USA.
FAU - Leyshon, B J
AU  - Leyshon BJ
AD  - Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 
      Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
FAU - Juda, M
AU  - Juda M
AD  - Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 
      IL, 61801, USA.
FAU - Ridlon, J M
AU  - Ridlon JM
AD  - Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 
      IL, 61801, USA.
AD  - Carl R. Woese Institute for Genome Biology, University of Illinois 
      Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
AD  - Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 
      Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
FAU - Johnson, R W
AU  - Johnson RW
AD  - Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 
      IL, 61801, USA.
AD  - Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois 
      Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
AD  - Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 
      Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
AD  - Department of Neuroscience, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 
      61801, USA.
FAU - Steelman, A J
AU  - Steelman AJ
AD  - Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 
      IL, 61801, USA. asteelma@illinois.edu.
AD  - Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois 
      Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. asteelma@illinois.edu.
AD  - Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 
      Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. asteelma@illinois.edu.
AD  - Department of Neuroscience, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 
      61801, USA. asteelma@illinois.edu.
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 HD069899/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
GR  - ILLU-538-916/USDA | National Institute of Food and Agriculture 
      (NIFA)/International
GR  - 1005145/USDA | National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA)/International
GR  - 1009372/USDA | National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA)/International
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DEP - 20180802
PL  - England
TA  - Sci Rep
JT  - Scientific reports
JID - 101563288
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Neonicotinoids)
RN  - 0 (Nitro Compounds)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor)
RN  - 3BN7M937V8 (imidacloprid)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cytokines/blood/immunology
MH  - Female
MH  - Male
MH  - Mice
MH  - Neonicotinoids/*pharmacology
MH  - Nitro Compounds/*pharmacology
MH  - Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome/blood/*immunology/pathology
MH  - Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/*immunology/metabolism
MH  - RNA, Viral/immunology/metabolism
MH  - Random Allocation
MH  - Swine
MH  - alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor/immunology/metabolism
PMC - PMC6072715
COIS- The authors declare no competing interests.
EDAT- 2018/08/04 06:00
MHDA- 2019/10/23 06:00
PMCR- 2018/08/02
CRDT- 2018/08/04 06:00
PHST- 2018/02/06 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/07/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/08/04 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/08/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/10/23 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/08/02 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-018-30093-6 [pii]
AID - 30093 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-018-30093-6 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Sci Rep. 2018 Aug 2;8(1):11615. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-30093-6.