PMID- 30077735 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20191015 LR - 20191015 IS - 1873-4995 (Electronic) IS - 0168-3659 (Linking) VI - 286 DP - 2018 Sep 28 TI - Subcutaneous delivery of monoclonal antibodies: How do we get there? PG - 301-314 LID - S0168-3659(18)30453-X [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.08.001 [doi] AB - The convenience of subcutaneous (SC) administration and the increasing interest in monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based therapies for chronic diseases, hint their potential for SC delivery in a near future. In addition, there is a common interest among patients, clinicians and pharmaceutical industry in moving from intravenous to SC administration of mAbs due to benefits of improved patient compliance and reduced costs to the healthcare system. Despite the wide use of this route of administration in diseases like diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis, SC bioavailability of mAbs has been shown to be incomplete and variable in most preclinical and clinical studies. This evidences a gap in the understanding of SC absorption process of mAbs and in their drug development process. Likewise, challenges present in drug formulation, such as high viscosity and aggregation, and the inherent immunogenicity of mAbs have also been hampering the successful translation to clinical settings. This review provides a characterization of the subcutaneously delivered mAbs that have entered the market in the last 10 years as well as a snapshot of the landscape of currently undergoing clinical trials. Moreover, there is an overview of the factors influencing SC absorption of mAbs and the preclinical models in use to study SC pharmacokinetics. Considerations about drug formulation and immunogenicity of mAbs are also explored. CI - Copyright (c) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Viola, Margarida AU - Viola M AD - Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal. FAU - Sequeira, Joana AU - Sequeira J AD - Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal; I3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Portugal. FAU - Seica, Raquel AU - Seica R AD - Institute of Physiology, iCBR-Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Coimbra, Portugal. FAU - Veiga, Francisco AU - Veiga F AD - Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. FAU - Serra, Joao AU - Serra J AD - Grupo Tecnimede, Sintra, Portugal. FAU - Santos, Ana C AU - Santos AC AD - Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. FAU - Ribeiro, Antonio J AU - Ribeiro AJ AD - Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal; I3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: aribeiro@ff.uc.pt. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20180802 PL - Netherlands TA - J Control Release JT - Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society JID - 8607908 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Monoclonal) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antibodies, Monoclonal/*administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics MH - Drug Compounding/methods MH - Drug Delivery Systems/methods MH - Humans MH - Injections, Subcutaneous MH - Subcutaneous Absorption MH - Subcutaneous Tissue/metabolism OTO - NOTNLM OT - Animal model OT - Bioavailability OT - Clinical trials OT - Drug delivery OT - Monoclonal antibody (mAb) OT - Subcutaneous EDAT- 2018/08/06 06:00 MHDA- 2019/10/16 06:00 CRDT- 2018/08/06 06:00 PHST- 2018/04/28 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/07/30 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2018/08/01 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/08/06 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/10/16 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/08/06 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0168-3659(18)30453-X [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.08.001 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Control Release. 2018 Sep 28;286:301-314. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.08.001. Epub 2018 Aug 2.