PMID- 30080115 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190429 LR - 20190429 IS - 1744-8387 (Electronic) IS - 1478-9450 (Linking) VI - 15 IP - 8 DP - 2018 Aug TI - Employing proteomics in the study of antigen presentation: an update. PG - 637-645 LID - 10.1080/14789450.2018.1509000 [doi] AB - Our immune system discriminates self from non-self by examining the peptide cargo of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules displayed on the cell surface. Successful recognition of HLA-bound non-self peptides can induce T cell responses leading to, for example, the destruction of infected cells. Today, largely due to advances in technology, we have an unprecedented capability to identify the nature of these presented peptides and unravel the true complexity of antigen presentation. Areas covered: In addition to conventional linear peptides, HLA molecules also present post-translationally modified sequences comprising a wealth of chemical and structural modifications, including a novel class of noncontiguous spliced peptides. This review focuses on these emerging themes in antigen presentation and how mass spectrometry in particular has contributed to a new view of the antigenic landscape that is presented to the immune system. Expert Commentary: Advances in the sensitivity of mass spectrometers and use of hybrid fragmentation technologies will provide more information-rich spectra of HLA bound peptides leading to more definitive identification of T cell epitopes. Coupled with improvements in sample preparation and new informatics workflows, studies will access novel classes of peptide antigen and allow interrogation of rare and clinically relevant samples. FAU - Ramarathinam, Sri H AU - Ramarathinam SH AD - a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute , Monash University , Clayton , VIC , Australia. FAU - Croft, Nathan P AU - Croft NP AD - a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute , Monash University , Clayton , VIC , Australia. FAU - Illing, Patricia T AU - Illing PT AD - a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute , Monash University , Clayton , VIC , Australia. FAU - Faridi, Pouya AU - Faridi P AD - a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute , Monash University , Clayton , VIC , Australia. FAU - Purcell, Anthony W AU - Purcell AW AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0532-8331 AD - a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute , Monash University , Clayton , VIC , Australia. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20180813 PL - England TA - Expert Rev Proteomics JT - Expert review of proteomics JID - 101223548 RN - 0 (HLA Antigens) RN - 0 (Peptides) SB - IM MH - Alternative Splicing MH - Animals MH - Antigen Presentation/*immunology MH - HLA Antigens/immunology MH - Humans MH - Peptides/chemistry MH - Protein Processing, Post-Translational MH - Proteomics/*methods OTO - NOTNLM OT - PTM OT - antigen presentation OT - immunopeptidomics EDAT- 2018/08/07 06:00 MHDA- 2019/04/30 06:00 CRDT- 2018/08/07 06:00 PHST- 2018/08/07 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/04/30 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/08/07 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1080/14789450.2018.1509000 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Expert Rev Proteomics. 2018 Aug;15(8):637-645. doi: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1509000. Epub 2018 Aug 13.