PMID- 30081789
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200207
LR  - 20200207
IS  - 1875-6417 (Electronic)
IS  - 1573-3998 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 5
DP  - 2019
TI  - Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycaemia in Insulin-treated Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
PG  - 407-413
LID - 10.2174/1573399814666180806144937 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) may develop 
      hypoglycemia as an adverse effect of insulin therapy. Hypoglycemia has dangerous 
      consequences that result from neuroglycopenia and hypersecretion of 
      counter-regulatory hormones. Patients who recognize early symptoms of 
      hypoglycemia can initiate self-treatment and rectify the situation. Impaired 
      Awareness of Hypoglycemia (IAH) predisposes patients to severe hypoglycemia and 
      unconsciousness. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of IAH, the intensity of 
      hypoglycaemic symptoms, the frequency of severe hypoglycemia and factors 
      associated with IAH in patients with insulin-treated T2DM. METHODS: This is a 
      cross-sectional study that used Clarke's and Gold's surveys to assess IAH and 
      Edinburgh survey to assess the intensity of hypoglycemic symptoms in patients 
      with insulin-treated T2DM (n= 388). The frequency of hypoglycemia and other data 
      were collected by self-reporting or from medical records. RESULTS: The prevalence 
      (95% confidence interval) of IAH was 17.01% (13.27%-20.75%) as determined by 
      Clarke's method and 5.93% (3.58-8.28) by Gold's method (Odds= 3.25, 
      p-value<0.00001). Drowsiness, hunger, sweating, tiredness, trembling and 
      weakness, were the most intense hypoglycaemic symptoms, and 6.19% of participants 
      reported at least one episode of severe hypoglycaemia within the past year. 
      Regardless of classification method used, IAH is not dependent on age, gender, 
      duration of T2DM or duration of insulin therapy (p-values>0.05). Instead, IAH is 
      positively associated with frequency of hypoglycaemia during the previous six 
      months (p-value<0.05) and development of severe hypoglycaemia within the past 
      year (p-value <0.05). CONCLUSION: This study highlights large variability in IAH 
      depending on the method used for assessment. Increased hypoglycaemia frequency 
      may increase the prevalence of IAH and thus the development of severe 
      hypoglycemia.
CI  - Copyright(c) Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at 
      epub@benthamscience.net.
FAU - Alkhatatbeh, Mohammad J
AU  - Alkhatatbeh MJ
AD  - Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of 
      Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
FAU - Abdalqader, Nedaa A
AU  - Abdalqader NA
AD  - Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of 
      Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
FAU - Alqudah, Mohammad A Y
AU  - Alqudah MAY
AD  - Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of 
      Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United Arab Emirates
TA  - Curr Diabetes Rev
JT  - Current diabetes reviews
JID - 101253260
RN  - 0 (Hypoglycemic Agents)
RN  - 0 (Insulin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Hypoglycemia/chemically induced/complications/diagnosis
MH  - *Hypoglycemic Agents/adverse effects
MH  - Insulin
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Insulin
OT  - hypoglycaemic symptoms
OT  - impaired awareness
OT  - severe hypoglycaemia
OT  - symptom intensity
OT  - type 2 diabetes.
EDAT- 2018/08/08 06:00
MHDA- 2020/02/08 06:00
CRDT- 2018/08/08 06:00
PHST- 2018/05/13 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/08/01 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/08/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/08/08 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/02/08 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/08/08 06:00 [entrez]
AID - CDR-EPUB-92200 [pii]
AID - 10.2174/1573399814666180806144937 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Curr Diabetes Rev. 2019;15(5):407-413. doi: 10.2174/1573399814666180806144937.