PMID- 30092204
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20191224
LR  - 20200309
IS  - 1532-821X (Electronic)
IS  - 0003-9993 (Print)
IS  - 0003-9993 (Linking)
VI  - 100
IP  - 3
DP  - 2019 Mar
TI  - Four-Meter Gait Speed: Normative Values and Reliability Determined for Adults 
      Participating in the NIH Toolbox Study.
PG  - 509-513
LID - S0003-9993(18)30923-7 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.apmr.2018.06.031 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To establish reference values and determine test-retest reliability 
      for usual and maximal 4-meter gait speed. DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational 
      study. SETTING: Offices in 10 geographically dispersed cities in the United 
      States. PARTICIPANTS: Men and women (N=1320), aged 18 to 85 years, enrolled in 
      the National Institutes of Health Toolbox norming study. INTERVENTION: Not 
      applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Specifically used were data from men and women 
      who were timed over 4 meters (after a static start) while walking at their usual 
      and maximum speeds. Norms for usual and maximum gait speed were derived using 
      data from 1320 participants. Test-retest reliability for 164 participants was 
      described using paired t tests, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), and 
      minimal detectable changes (MDCs). RESULTS: Mean usual speed was 1.12 meters per 
      second, whereas mean maximum speed was 1.61 meters per second. As a general 
      linear model showed 4-meter gait speed to differ significantly according to gait 
      condition (speed), sex, and age group; estimates of normal were calculated 
      accordingly. The usual speed of 80- to 85-year-old women was lowest at 0.95 
      meters per second; the maximum speed of 18- to 29-year-old men was highest at 
      1.85 meters per second. Test-retest measures did not differ significantly, but 
      the ICCs were only fair and the MDCs were high. CONCLUSIONS: Normative reference 
      values provided herein may be helpful in interpreting measurements of 4-meter 
      gait speed obtained from adult men and women. The limited reliability of the gait 
      speed measurements, however, limits their usefulness in making judgments 
      regarding change.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2018 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Published by 
      Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Bohannon, Richard W
AU  - Bohannon RW
AD  - Department of Physical Therapy, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC. Electronic 
      address: bohannon@campbell.edu.
FAU - Wang, Ying-Chih
AU  - Wang YC
AD  - Department of Occupational Science and Technology, University of 
      Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI.
LA  - eng
GR  - N01AG60007/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Multicenter Study
PT  - Observational Study
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
DEP - 20180806
PL  - United States
TA  - Arch Phys Med Rehabil
JT  - Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation
JID - 2985158R
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Female
MH  - Health/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Healthy Volunteers
MH  - Humans
MH  - Limit of Detection
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Reference Values
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Statistics, Nonparametric
MH  - United States
MH  - Walk Test/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - *Walking Speed
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC6363908
MID - NIHMS1502980
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Gait
OT  - Reference values
OT  - Rehabilitation
OT  - Reproducibility of results
EDAT- 2018/08/10 06:00
MHDA- 2019/12/25 06:00
PMCR- 2020/03/01
CRDT- 2018/08/10 06:00
PHST- 2018/05/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/06/22 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/06/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/08/10 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/12/25 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/08/10 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/03/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0003-9993(18)30923-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.apmr.2018.06.031 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2019 Mar;100(3):509-513. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2018.06.031. 
      Epub 2018 Aug 6.