PMID- 30098550
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190122
LR  - 20211204
IS  - 1950-6007 (Electronic)
IS  - 0753-3322 (Linking)
VI  - 107
DP  - 2018 Nov
TI  - Standardized Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761(R) attenuates early brain injury 
      following subarachnoid hemorrhage via suppressing neuronal apoptosis through the 
      activation of Akt signaling.
PG  - 329-337
LID - S0753-3322(18)33130-5 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.012 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Early brain injury (EBI) plays a critical role in determining the 
      outcome of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The present study was designed to 
      investigate the role of EGb 761, a standardized extract of Ginkgo biloba, in 
      SAH-induced EBI and to explore its potential mechanism of action. METHOD: A rat 
      SAH model was established by the endovascular perforation process. Doses of 10, 
      50 and 100 mg/kg EGb 761 were injected intraperitoneally 2 h after SAH was 
      induced. Mortality, SAH grade, neurological score and brain water content were 
      measured 24 h after SAH was induced. A Western blot assay was performed to assess 
      the expression of the apoptosis-related proteins Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3, 
      Akt and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt). Terminal deoxynucleotidyl 
      transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and neuronal nuclei (NeuN) 
      double immunofluorescence staining were used to detect apoptotic neurons. 
      RESULTS: Animals suffered from serious neurological deficits and increased brain 
      water content after induction of SAH. Rats treated with EGb 761 experienced 
      dose-dependent attenuation of neurological dysfunction and decreased brain water 
      content. In addition, EGb 761 significantly activated Akt signaling accompanied 
      by increased Bcl-2 levels and decreased expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3. 
      Moreover, EGb 761 decreased the number of TUNEL/NeuN-positive cells in a 
      dose-dependent manner. However, all the beneficial effects of EGb 761 for SAH 
      were abolished by the Akt inhibitor MK2206. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated 
      that EGb 761 could ameliorate SAH-induced EBI and that the neuroprotective 
      effects of EGb 761 against SAH were exerted via suppression of neuronal apoptosis 
      through activation of the Akt pathway.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
FAU - Yu, Ting
AU  - Yu T
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, Tiantai County People's Hospital, Laodong Road 335th, 
      Taizhou, 317200, China.
FAU - Fan, Yunren
AU  - Fan Y
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, Tiantai County People's Hospital, Laodong Road 335th, 
      Taizhou, 317200, China.
FAU - Xu, Yunfeng
AU  - Xu Y
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, Tiantai County People's Hospital, Laodong Road 335th, 
      Taizhou, 317200, China.
FAU - Xu, Liangdie
AU  - Xu L
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, Tiantai County People's Hospital, Laodong Road 335th, 
      Taizhou, 317200, China.
FAU - Xu, Guangda
AU  - Xu G
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, Tiantai County People's Hospital, Laodong Road 335th, 
      Taizhou, 317200, China.
FAU - Cao, Fangchuan
AU  - Cao F
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, Tiantai County People's Hospital, Laodong Road 335th, 
      Taizhou, 317200, China.
FAU - Jiang, Hailong
AU  - Jiang H
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, Tiantai County People's Hospital, Laodong Road 335th, 
      Taizhou, 317200, China. Electronic address: nsjianghailong@163.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20180808
PL  - France
TA  - Biomed Pharmacother
JT  - Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie
JID - 8213295
RN  - 0 (Neuroprotective Agents)
RN  - 0 (Plant Extracts)
RN  - 0 (bcl-2-Associated X Protein)
RN  - 19FUJ2C58T (Ginkgo biloba extract)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.1 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt)
RN  - EC 3.4.22.- (Caspase 3)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Apoptosis/drug effects
MH  - Brain Edema/complications/drug therapy/pathology/physiopathology
MH  - Brain Injuries/*drug therapy/*etiology/pathology/physiopathology
MH  - Caspase 3/metabolism
MH  - Ginkgo biloba
MH  - Male
MH  - Models, Biological
MH  - Neurons/drug effects/enzymology/*pathology
MH  - Neuroprotection/drug effects
MH  - Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH  - Plant Extracts/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
MH  - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/*metabolism
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Signal Transduction/drug effects
MH  - Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/*complications
MH  - bcl-2-Associated X Protein/metabolism
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Akt
OT  - Apoptosis
OT  - Early brain injury
OT  - Subarachnoid hemorrhage
EDAT- 2018/08/12 06:00
MHDA- 2019/01/23 06:00
CRDT- 2018/08/12 06:00
PHST- 2018/05/09 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/08/03 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/08/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/08/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/01/23 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/08/12 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0753-3322(18)33130-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.012 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Biomed Pharmacother. 2018 Nov;107:329-337. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.012. 
      Epub 2018 Aug 8.