PMID- 30099786
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20191212
LR  - 20191217
IS  - 1460-9568 (Electronic)
IS  - 0953-816X (Linking)
VI  - 48
IP  - 5
DP  - 2018 Sep
TI  - Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor improves mouse peripheral nerve 
      regeneration following sciatic nerve crush.
PG  - 2152-2164
LID - 10.1111/ejn.14106 [doi]
AB  - Peripheral nerve injuries severely impair patients' quality of life as full 
      recovery is seldom achieved. Upon axonal disruption, the distal nerve stump 
      undergoes fragmentation, and myelin breaks down; the subsequent regeneration 
      progression is dependent on cell debris removal. In addition to tissue clearance, 
      macrophages release angiogenic and neurotrophic factors that contribute to axon 
      growth. Based on the importance of macrophages for nerve regeneration, especially 
      during the initial response to injury, we treated mice with 
      granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) at various intervals 
      after sciatic nerve crushing. Sciatic nerves were histologically analyzed at 
      different time intervals after injury for the presence of macrophages and 
      indicators of regeneration. Functional recovery was followed by an automated 
      walking track test. We found that GM-CSF potentiated early axon growth, as 
      indicated by the enhanced expression of growth-associated protein at 7 days 
      postinjury. Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression increased at the beginning 
      and at the end of the regenerative process, suggesting that nitric oxide is 
      involved in axon growth and pruning. As expected, GM-CSF treatment stimulated 
      macrophage infiltration, which increased at 7 and 14 days; however, it did not 
      improve myelin clearance. Instead, GM-CSF stimulated early brain-derived 
      neurotrophic factor (BDNF) production, which peaked at 7 days. Locomotor recovery 
      pattern was not improved by GM-CSF treatment. The present results suggest that 
      GM-CSF may have beneficial effects on early axonal regeneration.
CI  - (c) 2018 Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
FAU - Bombeiro, Andre Luis
AU  - Bombeiro AL
AD  - Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University 
      of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil.
FAU - Pereira, Bruna Toledo Nunes
AU  - Pereira BTN
AD  - Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University 
      of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil.
FAU - de Oliveira, Alexandre Leite Rodrigues
AU  - de Oliveira ALR
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4224-4575
AD  - Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University 
      of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20180829
PL  - France
TA  - Eur J Neurosci
JT  - The European journal of neuroscience
JID - 8918110
RN  - 83869-56-1 (Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Axons/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism/*pharmacology
MH  - Locomotion/drug effects
MH  - Macrophages/*drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - Mice, Inbred C57BL
MH  - Myelin Sheath/metabolism
MH  - Nerve Regeneration/*drug effects
MH  - Peripheral Nerve Injuries/drug therapy/metabolism
MH  - Recovery of Function/drug effects
MH  - Sciatic Nerve/*drug effects/injuries
MH  - Wallerian Degeneration/drug therapy/metabolism
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - GM-CSF
OT  - Wallerian degeneration
OT  - macrophage
OT  - peripheral nervous system
EDAT- 2018/08/14 06:00
MHDA- 2019/12/18 06:00
CRDT- 2018/08/13 06:00
PHST- 2018/02/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/07/15 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/08/01 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/08/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/12/18 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/08/13 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1111/ejn.14106 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eur J Neurosci. 2018 Sep;48(5):2152-2164. doi: 10.1111/ejn.14106. Epub 2018 Aug 
      29.