PMID- 30100932
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20201001
IS  - 1868-8527 (Print)
IS  - 1868-8535 (Electronic)
IS  - 1868-8527 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 4
DP  - 2018
TI  - Additive Effects of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and Compassionate 
      Imagery on Self-Compassion in Recreational Users of Ecstasy.
PG  - 1134-1145
LID - 10.1007/s12671-017-0849-0 [doi]
AB  - 3,4-Methylenedioxymethylamphetamine (MDMA;'ecstasy') produces prosocial 
      subjective effects that may extend to affiliative feelings towards the self. 
      Behavioural techniques can produce similar self-directed affiliation. For 
      example, compassionate imagery (CI) and ecstasy reduce self-criticism and 
      increase self-compassion to a similar extent, with the effects of CI enhanced in 
      the presence of ecstasy. Here, we examine self-compassion and self-criticism in 
      recreational users who consumed chemically verified MDMA in a within-subjects 
      crossover study. In a naturalistic setting, polydrug-using participants performed 
      a self-focused CI exercise on two occasions separated by >/=6 days: once having 
      consumed self-sourced MDMA and once not. Effects on state self-criticism, 
      self-compassion and emotional empathy were assessed before and after MDMA use (or 
      over an extended baseline period on the occasion that MDMA was not consumed) and 
      reassessed after CI. In participants (n = 20; 8 women) whose ecstasy contained 
      MDMA and no other drug, CI and MDMA appeared to separately increase emotional 
      empathy (to critical facial expressions) and self-compassion. The effects of CI 
      and MDMA on self-compassion also appeared to be additive. Establishing the 
      observed effects in controlled studies will be critical for determining the 
      combined utility of these approaches in fostering adaptive self-attitudes in a 
      therapeutic context.
FAU - Kamboj, Sunjeev K
AU  - Kamboj SK
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2197-0826
AD  - 1Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, Research Department of Clinical, Educational 
      and Health Psychology, University College London, Gower St., London, WC1E 6BT UK. 
      ISNI: 0000000121901201. GRID: grid.83440.3b
FAU - Wallden, Ylva S E
AU  - Wallden YSE
AD  - 1Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, Research Department of Clinical, Educational 
      and Health Psychology, University College London, Gower St., London, WC1E 6BT UK. 
      ISNI: 0000000121901201. GRID: grid.83440.3b
FAU - Falconer, Caroline J
AU  - Falconer CJ
AD  - 1Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, Research Department of Clinical, Educational 
      and Health Psychology, University College London, Gower St., London, WC1E 6BT UK. 
      ISNI: 0000000121901201. GRID: grid.83440.3b
FAU - Alotaibi, Majdah Raji
AU  - Alotaibi MR
AD  - 2Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of 
      Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK. ISNI: 0000 0001 2162 1699. GRID: grid.7340.0
FAU - Blagbrough, Ian S
AU  - Blagbrough IS
AD  - 2Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of 
      Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK. ISNI: 0000 0001 2162 1699. GRID: grid.7340.0
FAU - Husbands, Stephen M
AU  - Husbands SM
AD  - 2Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of 
      Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK. ISNI: 0000 0001 2162 1699. GRID: grid.7340.0
FAU - Freeman, Tom P
AU  - Freeman TP
AD  - 1Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, Research Department of Clinical, Educational 
      and Health Psychology, University College London, Gower St., London, WC1E 6BT UK. 
      ISNI: 0000000121901201. GRID: grid.83440.3b
AD  - 3Present Address: National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology 
      and Neuroscience, King's College London, 4 Windsor Walk, London, SE5 8BB UK. 
      ISNI: 0000 0001 2322 6764. GRID: grid.13097.3c
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20171104
PL  - United States
TA  - Mindfulness (N Y)
JT  - Mindfulness
JID - 101518348
PMC - PMC6061231
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Compassion
OT  - Compassionate imagery
OT  - Empathy
OT  - MDMA
OT  - Prosocial
OT  - Self-compassion
OT  - Self-criticism
COIS- Compliance with Ethical StandardsThe authors declare that they have no conflicts 
      of interest.All procedures were performed in accordance with the ethical 
      standards of the institutional and were in line with the Declaration of Helsinki. 
      The study received ethical approval by the University College London Research 
      Ethics Committee and was conducted under a UK Home Office license for controlled 
      drugs.All the participants gave written informed consent at the start of the 
      first session; all were made aware that they could withdraw from the study at any 
      time without needing to give a reason.
EDAT- 2018/08/14 06:00
MHDA- 2018/08/14 06:01
PMCR- 2017/11/04
CRDT- 2018/08/14 06:00
PHST- 2018/08/14 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/08/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/08/14 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2017/11/04 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 849 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s12671-017-0849-0 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mindfulness (N Y). 2018;9(4):1134-1145. doi: 10.1007/s12671-017-0849-0. Epub 2017 
      Nov 4.