PMID- 30103505
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20191120
IS  - 2073-4425 (Print)
IS  - 2073-4425 (Electronic)
IS  - 2073-4425 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 8
DP  - 2018 Aug 11
TI  - Seasonal and Sexual Differences in the Microbiota of the Hoopoe Uropygial 
      Secretion.
LID - 10.3390/genes9080407 [doi]
LID - 407
AB  - The uropygial gland of hoopoe nestlings and nesting females hosts bacterial 
      symbionts that cause changes in the characteristics of its secretion, including 
      an increase of its antimicrobial activity. These changes occur only in nesting 
      individuals during the breeding season, possibly associated with the high 
      infection risk experienced during the stay in the hole-nests. However, the 
      knowledge on hoopoes uropygial gland microbial community dynamics is quite 
      limited and based so far on culture-dependent and molecular fingerprinting 
      studies. In this work, we sampled wild and captive hoopoes of different sex, age, 
      and reproductive status, and studied their microbiota using quantitative 
      polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and 
      pyrosequencing. Surprisingly, we found a complex bacterial community in all 
      individuals (including non-nesting ones) during the breeding season. 
      Nevertheless, dark secretions from nesting hoopoes harbored significantly higher 
      bacterial density than white secretions from breeding males and both sexes in 
      winter. We hypothesize that bacterial proliferation may be host-regulated in 
      phases of high infection risk (i.e., nesting). We also highlight the importance 
      of specific antimicrobial-producing bacteria present only in dark secretions that 
      may be key in this defensive symbiosis. Finally, we discuss the possible role of 
      environmental conditions in shaping the uropygial microbiota, based on 
      differences found between wild and captive hoopoes.
FAU - Rodriguez-Ruano, Sonia M
AU  - Rodriguez-Ruano SM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6863-717X
AD  - Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain. 
      soniamrr@ugr.es.
AD  - Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, CZ-370 05 Ceske Budejovice, 
      Czechia. soniamrr@ugr.es.
FAU - Martin-Vivaldi, Manuel
AU  - Martin-Vivaldi M
AD  - Departamento de Zoologia, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain. 
      mmv@ugr.es.
AD  - Unidad Asociada Coevolucion: Cucos, Hospedadores y Bacterias Simbiontes, 
      Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain. mmv@ugr.es.
FAU - Peralta-Sanchez, Juan M
AU  - Peralta-Sanchez JM
AD  - Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain. 
      jmps@ugr.es.
FAU - Garcia-Martin, Ana B
AU  - Garcia-Martin AB
AD  - Departamento de Zoologia, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain. 
      a.gm82@hotmail.es.
FAU - Martinez-Garcia, Angela
AU  - Martinez-Garcia A
AD  - Estacion Experimental de Zonas Aridas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones 
      Cientificas, CSIC), E-04120 Almeria, Spain. angela@eeza.csic.es.
FAU - Soler, Juan J
AU  - Soler JJ
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2990-1489
AD  - Unidad Asociada Coevolucion: Cucos, Hospedadores y Bacterias Simbiontes, 
      Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain. jsoler@eeza.csic.es.
AD  - Estacion Experimental de Zonas Aridas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones 
      Cientificas, CSIC), E-04120 Almeria, Spain. jsoler@eeza.csic.es.
FAU - Valdivia, Eva
AU  - Valdivia E
AD  - Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain. 
      evavm@ugr.es.
AD  - Unidad Asociada Coevolucion: Cucos, Hospedadores y Bacterias Simbiontes, 
      Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain. evavm@ugr.es.
AD  - Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain. 
      evavm@ugr.es.
FAU - Martinez-Bueno, Manuel
AU  - Martinez-Bueno M
AD  - Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain. 
      mmartine@ugr.es.
AD  - Unidad Asociada Coevolucion: Cucos, Hospedadores y Bacterias Simbiontes, 
      Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain. mmartine@ugr.es.
AD  - Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain. 
      mmartine@ugr.es.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20180811
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Genes (Basel)
JT  - Genes
JID - 101551097
PMC - PMC6115775
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - bacteria
OT  - clostridia
OT  - fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)
OT  - high-throughput sequencing
OT  - hoopoe
OT  - microbiota
OT  - mutualism
OT  - quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)
OT  - uropygial gland secretion
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2018/08/15 06:00
MHDA- 2018/08/15 06:01
PMCR- 2018/08/01
CRDT- 2018/08/15 06:00
PHST- 2018/05/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/07/23 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/08/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/08/15 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/08/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/08/15 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2018/08/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - genes9080407 [pii]
AID - genes-09-00407 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/genes9080407 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Genes (Basel). 2018 Aug 11;9(8):407. doi: 10.3390/genes9080407.