PMID- 30117397
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190809
LR  - 20221207
IS  - 1875-6417 (Electronic)
IS  - 1573-3998 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 3
DP  - 2019
TI  - Evaluation of Risk Factors Associated with Diabetic Foot Ulcers in Saudi Arabia.
PG  - 224-232
LID - 10.2174/1573399814666180816165848 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Considering that diabetic foot ulceration is one of the 
      major health issues globally, we aimed to evaluate the risk factors associated 
      with foot ulcers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: A 
      total of 81 T2DM patients (age range: 40-80 years) registered at the Diabetes 
      Treatment Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC), Riyadh, Saudi 
      Arabia between April and September 2015 were included in this cross-sectional 
      study after purposive selection and assigning of patient numbers. The selected 
      participants were interviewed and examined, and their medical records were 
      reviewed for sensory, vibratory, and painful neuropathies; vascular 
      insufficiency; retinopathy; and dermatological variations. The Wagner's 
      classification system was employed to evaluate the stage of patients' foot 
      ulcers. RESULTS: Among the study participants [mean age range: 56.4 +/- 6.72 years; 
      53 males (65.4%)], cases of loss of protective sensation, foot deformity, 
      amputation history, and dermatological abnormalities were notable. The Wagner 
      gradation value of ulcers were grade 0 for 16% study population, grade 1 for 
      35.8%, grade 2 for 45.7%, grade 3 for 2.5%, and grades 4 and 5 for 0%. 
      Approximately 19% of the patients had a previous case of amputation and 29.6% had 
      nail disease. The most common footwear reported to be used by the patients was 
      sandals shoes (46%). CONCLUSION: The issues of loss of protective sensation, 
      vascular insufficiency, deformity, previous amputations, and dermatological 
      abnormalities of the lower limbs were found to be most common among the foot 
      ulceration patients. The study findings thus recommend regular foot examination, 
      following basic hygiene habits, encouragement of the use of appropriate footwear, 
      patient education about foot ulcers, and prompt treatment for minor injuries to 
      prevent further ulceration in DM patients.
CI  - Copyright(c) Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at 
      epub@benthamscience.net.
FAU - Al-Ayed, Mousab Yousef
AU  - Al-Ayed MY
AD  - Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Diabetes Treatment Center, Prince 
      Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Ababneh, Mutasem
AU  - Ababneh M
AD  - Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Diabetes Treatment Center, Prince 
      Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Robert, Asirvatham Alwin
AU  - Robert AA
AD  - Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Diabetes Treatment Center, Prince 
      Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Salman, Ahmed
AU  - Salman A
AD  - Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Diabetes Treatment Center, Prince 
      Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Al Saeed, Abdulghani
AU  - Al Saeed A
AD  - Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Diabetes Treatment Center, Prince 
      Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Al Dawish, Mohamed Abdulaziz
AU  - Al Dawish MA
AD  - Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Diabetes Treatment Center, Prince 
      Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United Arab Emirates
TA  - Curr Diabetes Rev
JT  - Current diabetes reviews
JID - 101253260
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - Amputation, Surgical/adverse effects
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
MH  - Diabetic Foot/*epidemiology/therapy
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Saudi Arabia/epidemiology
MH  - Severity of Illness Index
MH  - Shoes
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Diabetes complication
OT  - Saudi Arabia
OT  - dermatological
OT  - diabetic foot ulcer
OT  - risk factors
OT  - westernization.
EDAT- 2018/08/18 06:00
MHDA- 2019/08/10 06:00
CRDT- 2018/08/18 06:00
PHST- 2017/12/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/08/08 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/08/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/08/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/08/10 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/08/18 06:00 [entrez]
AID - CDR-EPUB-92451 [pii]
AID - 10.2174/1573399814666180816165848 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Curr Diabetes Rev. 2019;15(3):224-232. doi: 10.2174/1573399814666180816165848.