PMID- 30129491
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20191001
LR  - 20191001
IS  - 0027-9684 (Print)
IS  - 0027-9684 (Linking)
VI  - 110
IP  - 6
DP  - 2018 Dec
TI  - Khat: A Substance of Growing Abuse with Adverse Drug Interaction Risks.
PG  - 624-634
LID - S0027-9684(18)30067-1 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.jnma.2018.04.001 [doi]
AB  - The growing global availability of the stimulant shrub, khat, has aroused 
      widespread concern. This paper is a review of possible adverse interactions 
      between khat and conventional drugs. Khat chewing has been shown to reduce the 
      bioavailabilities of orally co-administered antibiotics, ampicillin, amoxicillin, 
      cephradine and tetracyclineHCl, and the antimalarial drug, chloroquine. The 
      cardiovascular and central nervous system (CNS) stimulant effects of monoamine 
      oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) and amphetamine-like drugs have been described to be 
      enhanced by khat chewing. Khat is recognized to have the ability to counteract 
      the effects of antihypertensive, antiarrhythmic and local anesthetic drugs, and 
      to offset the cardioprotective action of aspirin. Depending on the amount or 
      duration of consumption, khat has been reported to variably affect the actions of 
      general anesthetics. Khat is likely to augment the effects and/or toxicity of 
      different drugs due to its inhibitory action on the drug metabolizing enzyme 
      CYP2D6. While specific mechanisms have been suggested for some of the khat-drug 
      interactions reported, the mechanisms for other interactions are less clear. 
      Despite the above observations, the literature reviewed is associated with a 
      number of shortcomings, suggesting the need for further research and 
      documentation on this area of knowledge. It is recommended that, in the interim, 
      health care providers should be more familiar with the known and suspected 
      adverse khat-drug interactions in order to optimally serve their patients who 
      chew khat.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2018 National Medical Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All 
      rights reserved.
FAU - Abebe, Worku
AU  - Abebe W
AD  - Department of Oral Biology/Pharmacology, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta 
      University Augusta, GA 30912-1128, USA. Electronic address: wabebe@augusta.edu.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20180503
PL  - United States
TA  - J Natl Med Assoc
JT  - Journal of the National Medical Association
JID - 7503090
RN  - 0 (Anesthetics)
RN  - 0 (Anti-Arrhythmia Agents)
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
RN  - 0 (Antihypertensive Agents)
RN  - 0 (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors)
RN  - 0 (Plant Preparations)
RN  - 886U3H6UFF (Chloroquine)
RN  - R16CO5Y76E (Aspirin)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Anesthetics
MH  - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents
MH  - *Anti-Bacterial Agents
MH  - Antihypertensive Agents
MH  - Aspirin
MH  - Catha/*adverse effects
MH  - Chloroquine
MH  - *Herb-Drug Interactions
MH  - Humans
MH  - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
MH  - Plant Preparations/*adverse effects/pharmacology
MH  - Substance-Related Disorders/complications
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Adverse effects
OT  - Drug abuse
OT  - Drug interactions
OT  - Khat
OT  - Stimulant
EDAT- 2018/08/22 06:00
MHDA- 2019/10/02 06:00
CRDT- 2018/08/22 06:00
PHST- 2018/02/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/04/05 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/04/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/08/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/10/02 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/08/22 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0027-9684(18)30067-1 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jnma.2018.04.001 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Natl Med Assoc. 2018 Dec;110(6):624-634. doi: 10.1016/j.jnma.2018.04.001. Epub 
      2018 May 3.