PMID- 30134260
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20181211
LR  - 20220408
IS  - 1542-233X (Electronic)
IS  - 1542-2321 (Linking)
VI  - 44 Suppl 2
DP  - 2018 Nov
TI  - Impact of Dry Eye on Psychosomatic Symptoms and Quality of Life in a Healthy 
      Youthful Clinical Sample.
PG  - S404-S409
LID - 10.1097/ICL.0000000000000550 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of dry eye on quality of life, depression, 
      anxiety, and stress in a healthy youthful clinical sample. METHODS: This was a 
      clinic-based cross-sectional study. Subjects were patients visiting the 
      University of Cape Coast Eye Clinic for comprehensive eye examination. The age 
      range for recruitment into the study was 16 to 35 years. Eligible participants 
      completed three questionnaires namely the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), 
      short version of the depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS-21), dry eye 
      quality of life score (DEQS) questionnaire. All eligible participants underwent 
      clinical assessment including meibomian gland expressibility, corneal staining, 
      tear breakup time, and Schirmer 1 test. The Spearman correlation coefficient was 
      used to determine the relationship between variables. Univariate and multivariate 
      analyses of variance were used to determine the impact of the OSDI score on 
      DASS-21 subscales scores and the dry eye quality of life scores. RESULTS: All 211 
      subjects who met the inclusion criteria were included in the analysis. The mean 
      age for the entire sample was 21.6+/-3.0 years with a range of (17-31) years. 
      Spearman correlation coefficient showed a statistically significant association 
      between OSDI scores and DEQSs (P<0.001), anxiety scores (P<0.001), depression 
      scores (P<0.001), and stress scores (P<0.001). Spearman correlation coefficient 
      showed no statistically significant association between clinical test results and 
      quality of life scores (P>0.05), DASS-21 subscales scores (P>0.05), except 
      anxiety subscale and meibomian gland expressibility score (P=0.026). There were 
      no statistically significant association between clinical test results and OSDI 
      scores (P>0.05) except for the tear breakup time (P=0.018). Using Pillai's trace 
      in the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), there was a significant effect 
      of OSDI severity classification on depression, anxiety, and stress subscales 
      scores of the DASS-21, V=0.37, F(3, 207)=9.67, P<0.001. Furthermore, separate 
      univariate analyses of variances on the outcome variables revealed a significant 
      effect of OSDI severity classification on depression F(3, 207)=35.24, P<0.001, 
      anxiety F(3, 207)=25.27, P<0.001, and stress F(3, 207)=13.08, P<0.001. The MANOVA 
      was followed up with a discriminant analysis, which revealed three discriminant 
      functions. When subjects were classified according to the OSDI grading of 
      severity, there were a statistically significant difference between all levels of 
      severity dry eye symptoms for the DEQSs (F(3, 207) = 63.9.3 P<0.001, eta=0.48). 
      CONCLUSION: The study showed that the severity of dry eye symptoms impacted on 
      psychosomatic symptoms and quality of life. The study also revealed that the 
      severity of dry eye symptoms impacted more on the depressive symptoms compared 
      with other psychosomatic symptoms in this youthful clinical sample.
FAU - Asiedu, Kofi
AU  - Asiedu K
AD  - Eye Clinic (K.A.), Twumasiwaa Medical Center, ARS Junction East Legon, Accra, 
      Ghana; and Department of Optometry and Vision Science (S.K.D., S.K.), School of 
      Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape 
      Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
FAU - Dzasimatu, Selassie K
AU  - Dzasimatu SK
FAU - Kyei, Samuel
AU  - Kyei S
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Eye Contact Lens
JT  - Eye & contact lens
JID - 101160941
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Analysis of Variance
MH  - Anxiety/etiology
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Depression/etiology
MH  - Dry Eye Syndromes/*psychology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Psychophysiologic Disorders
MH  - *Quality of Life
MH  - Severity of Illness Index
MH  - Stress, Psychological/etiology
MH  - Young Adult
EDAT- 2018/08/23 06:00
MHDA- 2018/12/12 06:00
CRDT- 2018/08/23 06:00
PHST- 2018/08/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/12/12 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/08/23 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1097/ICL.0000000000000550 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eye Contact Lens. 2018 Nov;44 Suppl 2:S404-S409. doi: 
      10.1097/ICL.0000000000000550.