PMID- 30171766
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190805
LR  - 20220408
IS  - 2042-3306 (Electronic)
IS  - 0425-1644 (Linking)
VI  - 51
IP  - 3
DP  - 2019 May
TI  - Assessment of systolic and diastolic function in clinically healthy horses using 
      ambulatory acoustic cardiography.
PG  - 391-400
LID - 10.1111/evj.13014 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Assessment of cardiac electromechanical function in horses requires 
      training, experience and specialised equipment and does not allow continuous 
      monitoring over time. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to establish 
      the use of an acoustic ECG monitor (Audicor((R)) ) in healthy horses. It provides 
      noninvasive, examiner-independent, continuous analyses combining ECG and 
      phonocardiography to calculate indices of cardiac mechanical activity and 
      haemodynamics. Device usability was investigated, reference intervals calculated 
      and reproducibility of analyses assessed. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective descriptive 
      study. METHODS: Continuous overnight recordings were obtained in 123 healthy 
      horses. ECG and acoustic cardiography analyses were performed. Electromechanical 
      activating time (EMAT), rate-corrected EMATc, left ventricular systolic time 
      (LVST), rate-corrected LVSTc and intensity and persistence of the third and 
      fourth heart sound (S3, S4) were reported. Associations with age and 
      reproducibility of analyses were assessed. RESULTS: Audicor((R)) recordings of 
      diagnostic quality were obtained in 116 horses, with an artefact-free recording 
      time of 1:08-14:03 h (mean 10:21 h). 44.8% of the horses had atrial premature 
      complexes (up to 0.18% of analysed beats), 4.3% had ventricular premature 
      complexes (up to 0.021% of analysed beats). Reference intervals for acoustic 
      cardiography variables were reported. S3 was significantly more often graded >/=5 
      (scale 0-10) in younger compared to older horses (P = 0.0036, R(2 ) = 0.072). The 
      between-day coefficient of variation ranged from 2.5 to 7.7% for EMAT, EMATc, 
      LVST and LVSTc. MAIN LIMITATIONS: Audicor((R)) algorithms are based on human 
      databases. Horses were deemed clinically healthy without advanced diagnostics. 
      Some data were lost because of technical difficulties, artefacts and noises. 
      CONCLUSIONS: Overnight Audicor((R)) recordings are feasible in horses. Combining 
      ambulatory ECG and phonocardiography allows noninvasive, continuous assessment of 
      variables representing systolic and diastolic cardiac function. ECG rhythm 
      analyses require over-reading by a specialist, but acoustic cardiography 
      variables are based on automated algorithms independent of examiner input. 
      Further studies are required to establish the clinical value of acoustic 
      cardiography in horses.
CI  - (c) 2018 EVJ Ltd.
FAU - Zuber, N
AU  - Zuber N
AD  - Clinic for Equine Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 
      Zurich, Switzerland.
FAU - Zuber, M
AU  - Zuber M
AD  - Division of Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
FAU - Schwarzwald, C C
AU  - Schwarzwald CC
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6095-5402
AD  - Clinic for Equine Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 
      Zurich, Switzerland.
LA  - eng
GR  - Stiftung fur Herz- und Kreislaufkrankheiten, Hergiswil, Switzerland/
GR  - Inovise Medical, Inc., Beaverton, OR, USA/
GR  - Stiftung Pro Pferd, Zurich, Switzerland/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20180921
PL  - United States
TA  - Equine Vet J
JT  - Equine veterinary journal
JID - 0173320
MH  - Animals
MH  - Diastole/*physiology
MH  - Electrocardiography/instrumentation/methods/*veterinary
MH  - Female
MH  - *Horses
MH  - Male
MH  - Monitoring, Ambulatory/instrumentation/methods/*veterinary
MH  - Phonocardiography/instrumentation/methods/*veterinary
MH  - Systole/*physiology
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - cardiovascular
OT  - electrocardiogram
OT  - heart sounds
OT  - horse
OT  - phonocardiogram
EDAT- 2018/09/02 06:00
MHDA- 2019/08/06 06:00
CRDT- 2018/09/02 06:00
PHST- 2017/12/09 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/08/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/09/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/08/06 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/09/02 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1111/evj.13014 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Equine Vet J. 2019 May;51(3):391-400. doi: 10.1111/evj.13014. Epub 2018 Sep 21.