PMID- 30172138 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20181211 LR - 20181211 IS - 1879-1026 (Electronic) IS - 0048-9697 (Linking) VI - 649 DP - 2019 Feb 1 TI - Temporal trends of persistent organic pollutants in Arctic marine and freshwater biota. PG - 99-110 LID - S0048-9697(18)33240-6 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.268 [doi] AB - More than 1000 time-series of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Arctic biota from marine and freshwater ecosystems some extending back to the beginning of 1980s were analyzed using a robust statistical method. The Arctic area encompassed extended from Alaska, USA in the west to northern Scandinavian in the east, with data gaps for Arctic Russia and Arctic Finland. The aim was to investigate whether temporal trends for different animal groups and matrices were consistent across a larger geographical area. In general, legacy POPs showed decreasing concentrations over the last two to three decades, which were most pronounced for alpha-HCH and least pronounced for HCB and beta-HCH. Few time-series of legacy POPs showed increasing trends and only at sites suspected to be influenced by local source. The brominated flame retardant congener BDE-47 showed a typical trend of increasing concentration up to approximately the mid-2000s followed by a decreasing concentration. A similar trend was found for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS). These trends are likely related to the relatively recent introduction of national and international controls of hexa- and hepta-BDE congeners and the voluntary phase-out of PFOS production in the USA in 2000. Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) was the only compound in this study showing a consistent increasing trend. Only 12% of the long-term time-series were able to detect a 5% annual change with a statistical power of 80% at alpha < 0.05. The remaining 88% of time-series need additional years of data collection before fulfilling these statistical requirements. In the case of the organochlorine long-term time-series, 45% of these would require >20 years monitoring before this requirement would be fulfilled. CI - Copyright (c) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Riget, Frank AU - Riget F AD - University of Aarhus, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Kivioq 2, PO Box 570, Nuuk 3900, Greenland. Electronic address: frri@natur.gl. FAU - Bignert, Anders AU - Bignert A AD - Dep. of Environmental Research and Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History, PO Box 50 007, S-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden. FAU - Braune, Birgit AU - Braune B AD - Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Raven Road, Ottawa K1A 0H3, Canada. FAU - Dam, Maria AU - Dam M AD - Environment Agency, Traethagota 38, P.O. Box 2048, FO-165 Argir, Faroe Islands. FAU - Dietz, Rune AU - Dietz R AD - University of Aarhus, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. FAU - Evans, Marlene AU - Evans M AD - Aquatic Ecosystem Protection Research Division, Environment Canada, 11 Innovation Blvd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. FAU - Green, Norman AU - Green N AD - Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalleen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway. FAU - Gunnlaugsdottir, Helga AU - Gunnlaugsdottir H AD - Matis, Icelandic Food and Biotech R&D, Vinlandsleieth 12, 113 Reykjavik, Iceland. FAU - Hoydal, Katrin S AU - Hoydal KS AD - Environment Agency, Traethagota 38, P.O. Box 2048, FO-165 Argir, Faroe Islands. FAU - Kucklick, John AU - Kucklick J AD - National Institute of Standards and Technology, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA. FAU - Letcher, Robert AU - Letcher R AD - Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Raven Road, Ottawa K1A 0H3, Canada. FAU - Muir, Derek AU - Muir D AD - Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington L7S 1A1, Ontario, Canada. FAU - Schuur, Stacy AU - Schuur S AD - National Institute of Standards and Technology, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA. FAU - Sonne, Christian AU - Sonne C AD - University of Aarhus, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. FAU - Stern, Gary AU - Stern G AD - Centre for Earth Observation Sciences (CEOS), Clayton H. Riddell Faculty of Environment, Earth and Resources, University of Manitoba,586 Wallace Bld, 125 Dysart Rd., Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Manitoba, Canada. FAU - Tomy, Gregg AU - Tomy G AD - Centre for Oil and Gas Research and Development, University of Manitoba, Department of Chemistry, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Manitoba, Canada. FAU - Vorkamp, Katrin AU - Vorkamp K AD - University of Aarhus, Department of Environmental Science, Arctic Research Centre, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. FAU - Wilson, Simon AU - Wilson S AD - Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) Secretariat, PO Box 8100 Dep., N-0032 Oslo, Norway. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20180823 PL - Netherlands TA - Sci Total Environ JT - The Science of the total environment JID - 0330500 RN - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Arctic Regions MH - Charadriiformes/*metabolism MH - *Environmental Exposure MH - Environmental Monitoring MH - Fishes/*metabolism MH - Fresh Water MH - Mammals/*metabolism MH - Mytilus edulis/metabolism MH - Oceans and Seas MH - Seasons MH - Time Factors MH - Water Pollutants, Chemical/*metabolism OTO - NOTNLM OT - Arctic OT - Biota OT - Environmental monitoring OT - POPs OT - Temporal trends EDAT- 2018/09/02 06:00 MHDA- 2018/12/12 06:00 CRDT- 2018/09/02 06:00 PHST- 2018/05/21 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/08/20 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2018/08/20 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/09/02 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/12/12 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/09/02 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0048-9697(18)33240-6 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.268 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Sci Total Environ. 2019 Feb 1;649:99-110. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.268. Epub 2018 Aug 23.