PMID- 30176348 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20181211 LR - 20181211 IS - 1872-7573 (Electronic) IS - 0378-8741 (Linking) VI - 227 DP - 2018 Dec 5 TI - Spondias tuberosa inner bark extract exert antidiabetic effects in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. PG - 248-257 LID - S0378-8741(18)31048-1 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.jep.2018.08.038 [doi] AB - ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most important medical emergencies of the 21st century. However, commercially available oral drugs with antidiabetic properties have been limited because of potential side effects, such as: hypoglycemia, weight gain, hepatic dysfunction and abdominal discomfort. As well as antidiabetic drugs, many types of medicinal herbal supplements are utilized as alternative treatments for DM and related comorbidities. Spondias tuberosa Arruda (Anacardiaceae), popularly known as "umbu", has been used in traditional medicine to treat a vast range of diseases, including DM, infections, digestive disorders, diarrhea and menstrual abnormalities. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study evaluated the effect of the hydroethanolic extract of the inner stem bark of Spondias tuberosa (EEStb) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Diabetes was induced in rats by a single injection of STZ (40 mg/kg i.p.). Diabetic rats were treated with 250 mg/kg or 500 mg/kg of the EEStb for 21 days. Water intake, urinary volume, body weight, as well as biochemical parameters, such as cholesterol total (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), hepatic and muscle glycogen urea, alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, total protein, albumin, and glucose blood levels, were analyzed. We also determined the hepatic antioxidant state, as well as both of insulin and glucose tolerance. RESULTS: The extract was evaluated by HPLC, and the major components of EESTb were identified (i.e. gallic acid and quercetin). The 500 mg/kg dosage of EEStb significantly decreased fasting blood glucose and post-prandial glucose. The EEStb also reduced urinary volume, food and water intake, as well as decreased body weight gain. Diabetic rats that received EEStb had a lower loss of muscle mass and white adipose tissue. Additionally, EEStb improved the urinary excretion of urea and glucose. The extract significantly decreased triglycerides, total cholesterol and VLDL in diabetic rats. However, no significant effect was observed on the levels of total and HDL cholesterol. EEStb treatment prevented hepatotoxic diabetic-induced, improved GSH:GSSG ratio, SOD and CAT activity as well as reduced nitrite and TBARs levels. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that EEStb has antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects as well as improves insulin sensibility in diabetic rats. This indicates that S. tuberosa could be a potential resource for alternative therapies in the treatment of hyperglycemic conditions. These results also support the use of EEStb in ethnomedicine for the management of diabetes. CI - Copyright (c) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - de Moura Barbosa, Humberto AU - de Moura Barbosa H AD - Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. FAU - Amaral, Dionisio AU - Amaral D AD - Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. FAU - do Nascimento, Jailson Nunes AU - do Nascimento JN AD - Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. FAU - Machado, Dijanah Cota AU - Machado DC AD - Department of Biophysics, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. FAU - de Sousa Araujo, Thiago Antonio AU - de Sousa Araujo TA AD - Laboratoy of Ecology and Evolution of Social-Ecological Systems, Departament of Botany, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil. FAU - de Albuquerque, Ulysses Paulino AU - de Albuquerque UP AD - Laboratoy of Ecology and Evolution of Social-Ecological Systems, Departament of Botany, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil. FAU - Guedes da Silva Almeida, Jackson Roberto AU - Guedes da Silva Almeida JR AD - Center for Studies and Research of Medicinal Plants, Federal University of San Francisco Valley, 56.304-205 Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil. FAU - Rolim, Larissa Araujo AU - Rolim LA AD - Center for Studies and Research of Medicinal Plants, Federal University of San Francisco Valley, 56.304-205 Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil. FAU - Lopes, Norberto Peporine AU - Lopes NP AD - Departament of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, 14.040-903 Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil. FAU - Gomes, Dayane Aparecida AU - Gomes DA AD - Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. FAU - Lira, Eduardo Carvalho AU - Lira EC AD - Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. Electronic address: eduardoclira@gmail.com. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20180901 PL - Ireland TA - J Ethnopharmacol JT - Journal of ethnopharmacology JID - 7903310 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) RN - 0 (Hypoglycemic Agents) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - GAN16C9B8O (Glutathione) SB - IM MH - *Anacardiaceae MH - Animals MH - Antioxidants/pharmacology/*therapeutic use MH - Blood Glucose/analysis MH - Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/*drug therapy/metabolism MH - Glutathione/metabolism MH - Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology/*therapeutic use MH - Lipid Metabolism/drug effects MH - Liver/drug effects/metabolism MH - Male MH - Phytotherapy MH - Plant Bark MH - Plant Extracts/pharmacology/*therapeutic use MH - Rats, Wistar OTO - NOTNLM OT - Diabetes mellitus OT - Ethnopharmacology OT - Medicinal plants OT - Spondias tuberosa EDAT- 2018/09/04 06:00 MHDA- 2018/12/12 06:00 CRDT- 2018/09/04 06:00 PHST- 2018/03/27 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/08/22 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2018/08/31 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/09/04 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/12/12 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/09/04 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0378-8741(18)31048-1 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jep.2018.08.038 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Ethnopharmacol. 2018 Dec 5;227:248-257. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.08.038. Epub 2018 Sep 1.