PMID- 30186602
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220321
IS  - 1674-9782 (Print)
IS  - 2049-1891 (Electronic)
IS  - 1674-9782 (Linking)
VI  - 9
DP  - 2018
TI  - N-carbamylglutamate restores nitric oxide synthesis and attenuates high 
      altitude-induced pulmonary hypertension in Holstein heifers ascended to high 
      altitude.
PG  - 63
LID - 10.1186/s40104-018-0277-6 [doi]
LID - 63
AB  - BACKGROUND: High-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH) is a life-threating 
      condition for animals in high altitude, and disturbance of endothelial nitric 
      oxide (NO) synthesis contributes to its pathogenesis. N-carbamylglutamate (NCG), 
      which enhances arginine synthesis, promotes endogenous synthesis of NO. In this 
      study, we determined the effects of NCG on alleviating HAPH in Holstein heifers 
      that ascended to Tibet (Lhasa, 3,658 m). METHODS: Exp. 1, 2,000 Holstein heifers 
      were transported from low elevation (1,027 m) to Lhasa. After being exposed to 
      hypoxia for 1 yr, Holstein heifers were assigned to a healthy group (Control, 
      n = 6) with mean pulmonary hypertension (mPAP) < 41 mmHg, and an HAPH affected 
      group (HAPH, n = 6) with mPAP > 49 mmHg. Lung tissues were collected to evaluate 
      histopathological changes and the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase 
      (eNOS). Exp. 2, ten healthy heifers and 10 HAPH affected heifers were 
      supplemented with NCG (20 g/d per heifer) for 4 wk. Physiological parameters were 
      determined and blood samples were collected on d - 1 and d 28 of the feeding 
      trial. RESULTS: Expression of eNOS in small pulmonary arteriole intima was higher 
      in the healthy than HAPH group (P = 0.006), whereas HAPH group had significantly 
      thicker media and adventitia than healthy group (all P < 0.05). The mRNA of eNOS 
      and protein level of eNOS were higher in the lungs of heifers in the healthy 
      group than in the HAPH group (both P < 0.001), whereas endothelin-1 protein 
      levels were higher in HAPH group than in the healthy group (P = 0.025). NCG 
      supplementation decreased mPAP and ammonia (both P = 0.001), whereas it increased 
      the expression of eNOS, arginine, and plasma NO (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The 
      expression of eNOS was decreased in Holstein heifers with HAPH. NCG 
      supplementation decreased mPAP through the restoration of eNOS and endogenous NO 
      synthesis.
FAU - Wang, Shuxiang
AU  - Wang S
AD  - 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology 
      Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science 
      and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic 
      of China. ISNI: 0000 0004 0530 8290. GRID: grid.22935.3f
FAU - Azarfar, Arash
AU  - Azarfar A
AD  - 2Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Lorestan University, PO 
      Box 465, Khorramabad, Iran. ISNI: 0000 0004 1757 0173. GRID: grid.411406.6
FAU - Wang, Yajing
AU  - Wang Y
AD  - 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology 
      Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science 
      and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic 
      of China. ISNI: 0000 0004 0530 8290. GRID: grid.22935.3f
FAU - Cao, Zhijun
AU  - Cao Z
AD  - 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology 
      Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science 
      and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic 
      of China. ISNI: 0000 0004 0530 8290. GRID: grid.22935.3f
FAU - Li, Shengli
AU  - Li S
AD  - 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology 
      Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science 
      and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic 
      of China. ISNI: 0000 0004 0530 8290. GRID: grid.22935.3f
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20180903
PL  - England
TA  - J Anim Sci Biotechnol
JT  - Journal of animal science and biotechnology
JID - 101581293
PMC - PMC6120069
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - High-altitude pulmonary hypertension
OT  - Holstein heifers
OT  - N-carbamylglutamate
OT  - Tibet
COIS- All protocols for sampling and handling of animals were approved by the 
      Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at China Agricultural University 
      (Beijing, P. R. China). The experiment was conducted according to the regulations 
      and guidelines established by this committee.Not applicable.The authors declare 
      that they have no competing interests.
EDAT- 2018/09/07 06:00
MHDA- 2018/09/07 06:01
PMCR- 2018/09/03
CRDT- 2018/09/07 06:00
PHST- 2018/03/13 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/07/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/09/07 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/09/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/09/07 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2018/09/03 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 277 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s40104-018-0277-6 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2018 Sep 3;9:63. doi: 10.1186/s40104-018-0277-6. 
      eCollection 2018.