PMID- 30195566 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20181224 LR - 20181224 IS - 1872-7573 (Electronic) IS - 0378-8741 (Linking) VI - 228 DP - 2019 Jan 10 TI - Rhodomyrtosone B, a membrane-targeting anti-MRSA natural acylgphloroglucinol from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa. PG - 50-57 LID - S0378-8741(17)33927-2 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.jep.2018.09.011 [doi] AB - ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The leaves of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa are traditionally used in the treatment of infectious diseases such as wound infections in Chinese traditional medicine. The mechanisms of the activity of rhodomyrtosone B (RDSB), a natural acylphloroglucinol isolated from the leaves of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, are still not understood. We provided a detailed investigation of the antibacterial action of RDSB against bacteria in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The antibacterial activity of RDSB was tested by the microdilution method against a panel of bacteria, and a time-killing assay was carried out according to CLSI guidelines. The cytotoxic potential of RDSB was evaluated against mammalian cells, and its haemolytic activity towards rabbit red blood cells (RBCs) was assessed. The mode of action of RDSB was investigated by targeting bacterial membranes, and its resistance was evaluated using a sequential passaging method. The antibacterial activities in vivo were assessed against MRSA in a mouse skin infection mode. RESULTS: RDSB exhibited distinct antibacterial activities against selected Gram-positive pathogens responsible for serious infections, even including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.62-1.25 microg/mL and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) with an MIC of 2.5 microg/mL. RDSB displayed much more rapid bactericidal activity against MRSA than that of vancomycin. The membrane-targeting experiments revealed that RDSB exhibited significant antibacterial activity with the perturbation of bacterial membrane potential and an increase in membrane permeability. In particular, RDSB had weak cytotoxicity to mammalian cells (IC(50) >14 microg/mL) and has advantageous specificity against selected Gram-positive bacterial membranes rather than RBCs. Notably, RDSB displayed in vitro antibacterial activities against MRSA without drug-resistance and profoundly attenuated the skin ulcer formation in a murine model of MRSA infection under a single dose of 40 microg RDSB per mouse. CONCLUSION: RDSB has profound antibacterial activity against drug-resistant bacteria (MRSA and VRE) and low cytotoxicity. It is bactericidal in nature, and an increase in membrane permeability resulting from membrane perturbation is one of its modes of action. RDSB represents a promising natural antibiotic to combat drug-resistant (MRSA and VRE) infections. CI - Copyright (c) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Zhao, Li-Yun AU - Zhao LY AD - Program for Natural Product Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China. FAU - Liu, Hong-Xin AU - Liu HX AD - Program for Natural Product Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China. FAU - Wang, Lei AU - Wang L AD - Institute of Hypertension, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510085, People's Republic of China. FAU - Xu, Zhi-Fang AU - Xu ZF AD - Program for Natural Product Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China. FAU - Tan, Hai-Bo AU - Tan HB AD - Program for Natural Product Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: tanhaibo@scbg.ac.cn. FAU - Qiu, Sheng-Xiang AU - Qiu SX AD - Program for Natural Product Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: sxqiu@scbg.ac.cn. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20180907 PL - Ireland TA - J Ethnopharmacol JT - Journal of ethnopharmacology JID - 7903310 RN - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents) RN - 0 (Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring) RN - 0 (rhodomyrtosone B) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/*therapeutic use MH - Cell Line MH - Erythrocytes/drug effects MH - Female MH - Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring/pharmacology/*therapeutic use MH - Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/*drug effects/growth & development MH - Mice, Inbred BALB C MH - Microbial Sensitivity Tests MH - Myrtaceae MH - Phytotherapy MH - Rabbits MH - Staphylococcal Infections/*drug therapy EDAT- 2018/09/10 06:00 MHDA- 2018/12/26 06:00 CRDT- 2018/09/10 06:00 PHST- 2017/10/29 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/07/30 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2018/09/05 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/09/10 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/12/26 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/09/10 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0378-8741(17)33927-2 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jep.2018.09.011 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Ethnopharmacol. 2019 Jan 10;228:50-57. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.09.011. Epub 2018 Sep 7.