PMID- 30208600
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190718
LR  - 20230928
IS  - 2072-6651 (Electronic)
IS  - 2072-6651 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 9
DP  - 2018 Sep 11
TI  - Malting of Fusarium Head Blight-Infected Rye (Secale cereale): Growth of Fusarium 
      graminearum, Trichothecene Production, and the Impact on Malt Quality.
LID - 10.3390/toxins10090369 [doi]
LID - 369
AB  - This project was initiated with the goal of investigating the malt quality of 
      winter rye cultivars and hybrids grown in the United States in 2014 and 2015, but 
      high levels of deoxynivalenol (DON) were subsequently found in many of the malt 
      samples. DON levels in 75% of the investigated rye samples (n = 117) were 
      actually below 1.0 mg/kg, as quantified by a gas chromatography combined with 
      electron capture detector (GC-ECD). However, 83% of the samples had DON in excess 
      of 1.0 mg/kg following malting, and the average DON level in malted rye was 10.6 
      mg/kg. In addition, relatively high levels of 3-acetate DON (3-ADON), 15-acetate 
      DON (15-ADON), nivalenol (NIV), and DON-3-glucoside (D3G) were observed in some 
      rye malts. Our results show that rye grain DON is likely a poor predicator of 
      type B trichothecenes in malt in practice, because high levels of malt DON, 
      15-ADONm and D3G were produced, even when the rye samples with DON levels below 
      0.50 mg/kg were processed. Fusarium Tri5 DNA content in rye was highly associated 
      with malt DON levels (r = 0.83) in a small subset of samples (n = 55). The impact 
      of Fusarium infection on malt quality was demonstrated by the significant 
      correlations between malt DON levels and wort viscosity, beta-glucan content, wort 
      color, wort p-coumaric acid content, and total phenolic content. Additional 
      correlations of rye Fusarium Tri5 DNA contents with malt diastatic power (DP), 
      wort free amino nitrogen (FAN) content, and arabinoxylan content were observed.
FAU - Jin, Zhao
AU  - Jin Z
AD  - Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, P.O. Box 6050, Dept. 
      7670, Fargo, ND 58108, USA. zhao.jin@ndsu.edu.
FAU - Gillespie, James
AU  - Gillespie J
AD  - Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, P.O. Box 6050, Dept. 
      7670, Fargo, ND 58108, USA. james.gillespie@ndsu.edu.
FAU - Barr, John
AU  - Barr J
AD  - Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, P.O. Box 6050, Dept. 
      7670, Fargo, ND 58108, USA. john.barr@ndsu.edu.
FAU - Wiersma, Jochum J
AU  - Wiersma JJ
AD  - Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, Crookston, MN 
      56716, USA. wiers002@umn.edu.
FAU - Sorrells, Mark E
AU  - Sorrells ME
AD  - Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, 
      USA. mes12@cornell.edu.
FAU - Zwinger, Steve
AU  - Zwinger S
AD  - Carrington Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University, P.O. Box 
      219, Carrington, ND 58421, USA. steve.zwinger@ndsu.edu.
FAU - Gross, Thomas
AU  - Gross T
AD  - Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, P.O. Box 6050, 
      Dept. 7660, Fargo, ND 58108, USA. thomas.gross@ndsu.edu.
FAU - Cumming, Jaime
AU  - Cumming J
AD  - School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology 
      Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. jc2246@cornell.edu.
FAU - Bergstrom, Gary C
AU  - Bergstrom GC
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9613-270X
AD  - School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology 
      Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. gcb3@cornell.edu.
FAU - Brueggeman, Robert
AU  - Brueggeman R
AD  - Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, P.O. Box 6050, 
      Dept. 7660, Fargo, ND 58108, USA. robert.brueggeman@ndsu.edu.
FAU - Horsley, Richard D
AU  - Horsley RD
AD  - Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, P.O. Box 6050, Dept. 
      7670, Fargo, ND 58108, USA. richard.horsley@ndsu.edu.
FAU - Schwarz, Paul B
AU  - Schwarz PB
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2023-7729
AD  - Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, P.O. Box 6050, Dept. 
      7670, Fargo, ND 58108, USA. paul.schwarz@ndsu.edu.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DEP - 20180911
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Toxins (Basel)
JT  - Toxins
JID - 101530765
RN  - 0 (Trichothecenes)
SB  - IM
MH  - Food Contamination/*analysis
MH  - Food Handling
MH  - *Fusarium/growth & development
MH  - Plant Diseases
MH  - Secale/*chemistry/microbiology
MH  - Trichothecenes/*analysis
PMC - PMC6162642
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Tri5 DNA
OT  - environment
OT  - malting quality
OT  - phenolics
OT  - rye
OT  - type B trichothecenes
OT  - variety
OT  - viscosity
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2018/09/14 06:00
MHDA- 2019/07/19 06:00
PMCR- 2018/09/01
CRDT- 2018/09/14 06:00
PHST- 2018/08/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/08/31 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/09/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/09/14 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/09/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/07/19 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/09/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - toxins10090369 [pii]
AID - toxins-10-00369 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/toxins10090369 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Toxins (Basel). 2018 Sep 11;10(9):369. doi: 10.3390/toxins10090369.