PMID- 30217199
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180919
LR  - 20230928
IS  - 1550-2783 (Electronic)
IS  - 1550-2783 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 1
DP  - 2018 Sep 14
TI  - Development and validation of a dietary screener for carbohydrate intake in 
      endurance athletes.
PG  - 44
LID - 10.1186/s12970-018-0250-y [doi]
LID - 44
AB  - BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that the majority of endurance athletes do not 
      achieve the minimal recommended carbohydrate (CHO) intake of 6 g/kg of body 
      weight (BW), with potentially negative impacts on recovery and performance. The 
      purpose of this study was to develop and validate a rapid and easy to use dietary 
      screener to identify athletes who do and do not achieve a CHO intake > 6 g/kg BW 
      in the context of endurance sports. METHODS: The dietary screener was developed 
      using multiple logistic regression modeling of data from a sample of 1571 
      non-athlete adults (826 women and 745 men, mean age 44.75 +/- 14.2 years) among 
      whom dietary intake was assessed using a validated web-based food frequency 
      questionnaire (web-FFQ). Three models were developed based on whole food intake 
      using the 5, 10 and 15 most significant variables predicting CHO intake. The 
      three models were then validated in a target population of non-elite endurance 
      athletes having taken part in multisport events (n = 175, 64 women and 111 men, 
      mean age 37.1 +/- 11.3 years) and compared using sensitivity, specificity, positive 
      and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV, respectively) and c-statistics. 
      RESULTS: The 15-variables model provided significantly better accuracy in 
      predicting CHO intake adequacy in non-elite endurance athletes 
      (c-statistic = 0.94) compared with the 10- and 5-variables model 
      (c-statistic = 0.90 and 0.71 respectively). The 15-variables model predicts CHO 
      intake adequacy in the target population of endurance athlete with a sensitivity 
      of 89.5%, a specificity of 87.3% and PPV and NPV of 77.3 and 94.5%, respectively. 
      CONCLUSION: We have successfully developed a short and valid dietary screener 
      that identifies endurance athletes at risk of not achieving a CHO intake > 6 g/kg 
      BW. Use of this rapid screener may help alleviate the highly prevalent issue of 
      suboptimal CHO consumption in the endurance sports realm.
FAU - Harrison, Stephanie
AU  - Harrison S
AD  - Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Pavillon des Services, Laval 
      University, 2440, Hochelaga Boulevard, Quebec City, G1V 0A6, Canada.
AD  - School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
FAU - Carbonneau, Elise
AU  - Carbonneau E
AD  - Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Pavillon des Services, Laval 
      University, 2440, Hochelaga Boulevard, Quebec City, G1V 0A6, Canada.
AD  - School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
FAU - Talbot, Denis
AU  - Talbot D
AD  - Department of Social and Preventive Medicine , Laval University, Quebec, G1V 0A6, 
      Canada.
FAU - Lemieux, Simone
AU  - Lemieux S
AD  - Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Pavillon des Services, Laval 
      University, 2440, Hochelaga Boulevard, Quebec City, G1V 0A6, Canada.
AD  - School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
FAU - Lamarche, Benoit
AU  - Lamarche B
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4443-5378
AD  - Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Pavillon des Services, Laval 
      University, 2440, Hochelaga Boulevard, Quebec City, G1V 0A6, Canada. 
      benoit.lamarche@fsaa.ulaval.ca.
AD  - School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada. 
      benoit.lamarche@fsaa.ulaval.ca.
LA  - eng
GR  - FHG 129921/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Validation Study
DEP - 20180914
PL  - United States
TA  - J Int Soc Sports Nutr
JT  - Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
JID - 101234168
RN  - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Athletes
MH  - Dietary Carbohydrates/*analysis
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Logistic Models
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - *Nutrition Assessment
MH  - *Nutritional Requirements
MH  - Predictive Value of Tests
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
PMC - PMC6137928
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Carbohydrates
OT  - Dietary screener
OT  - Endurance athletes
COIS- ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE: Laval University's Research Ethics 
      Board has approved the secondary use of data from the various projects used in 
      this study. All subjects from the different projects and included in these 
      analyses also gave their consent for secondary use of their data. CONSENT FOR 
      PUBLICATION: Not applicable. COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare that they 
      have no competing interests. PUBLISHER'S NOTE: Springer Nature remains neutral 
      with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional 
      affiliations.
EDAT- 2018/09/16 06:00
MHDA- 2018/09/20 06:00
PMCR- 2018/09/14
CRDT- 2018/09/16 06:00
PHST- 2018/05/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/09/07 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/09/16 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/09/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/09/20 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/09/14 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1186/s12970-018-0250-y [pii]
AID - 250 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s12970-018-0250-y [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2018 Sep 14;15(1):44. doi: 10.1186/s12970-018-0250-y.