PMID- 30224732 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20191213 LR - 20191217 IS - 2045-2322 (Electronic) IS - 2045-2322 (Linking) VI - 8 IP - 1 DP - 2018 Sep 17 TI - Immobilization stress-induced Escherichia coli causes anxiety by inducing NF-kappaB activation through gut microbiota disturbance. PG - 13897 LID - 10.1038/s41598-018-31764-0 [doi] LID - 13897 AB - The present study aimed to understand the crosstalk between anxiety and gut microbiota. Exposure of mice to immobilization stress (IS) led to anxiety-like behaviors, increased corticosterone and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in the blood, increased nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation and microglia/monocyte populations in the hippocampus, and suppressed brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the hippocampus. Furthermore, IS exposure increased NF-kappaB activation and monocyte population in the colon and increased Proteobacteria and Escherichia coli populations in the gut microbiota and fecal and blood lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels while decreasing the lactobacilli population. Oral administration of the fecal microbiota of mice treated with IS (FIS) or E. coli led to the increased NF-kappaB activation and monocyte population in the colon. These treatments increased blood corticosterone and LPS levels and anxiety-like behaviors, decreased BDNF expression, and induced NF-kappaB activation and microglia/monocyte populations in the hippocampus. Intraperitoneal injection of LPS purified from E. coli also led to anxiety and colitis in mice. Oral administration of commensal lactobacilli, particularly Lactobacillus johnsonii, attenuated IS- or E. coli-induced colitis and anxiety-like behaviors and biomarkers. These findings suggest that exposure to stressors can increase Proteobacteria populations and fecal LPS levels and cause gastrointestinal inflammation, resulting in the deterioration of anxiety through NF-kappaB activation. However, the amelioration of gastrointestinal inflammation by treatment with probiotics including L. johnsonii can alleviate anxiety. FAU - Jang, Hyo-Min AU - Jang HM AD - Neurobiota Research Center and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea. FAU - Lee, Kyung-Eon AU - Lee KE AD - Neurobiota Research Center and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea. FAU - Lee, Hae-Ji AU - Lee HJ AD - Neurobiota Research Center and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea. FAU - Kim, Dong-Hyun AU - Kim DH AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4783-7900 AD - Neurobiota Research Center and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea. dhkim@khu.ac.kr. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20180917 PL - England TA - Sci Rep JT - Scientific reports JID - 101563288 RN - 0 (NF-kappa B) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Anxiety/*etiology/microbiology MH - Colitis/etiology/microbiology/therapy MH - Escherichia coli/*growth & development MH - Fecal Microbiota Transplantation MH - *Gastrointestinal Microbiome MH - Immobilization/*psychology MH - Male MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred C57BL MH - NF-kappa B/*metabolism MH - Probiotics/administration & dosage MH - *Stress, Physiological PMC - PMC6141499 COIS- The authors declare no competing interests. EDAT- 2018/09/19 06:00 MHDA- 2019/12/18 06:00 PMCR- 2018/09/17 CRDT- 2018/09/19 06:00 PHST- 2018/04/16 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/08/23 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/09/19 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2018/09/19 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/12/18 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/09/17 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1038/s41598-018-31764-0 [pii] AID - 31764 [pii] AID - 10.1038/s41598-018-31764-0 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Sci Rep. 2018 Sep 17;8(1):13897. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-31764-0.