PMID- 30225516
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20191115
LR  - 20200225
IS  - 1869-1447 (Electronic)
IS  - 1869-1439 (Linking)
VI  - 29
IP  - 1
DP  - 2019 Mar
TI  - Central Nervous System Tuberculosis : Etiology, Clinical Manifestations and 
      Neuroradiological Features.
PG  - 3-18
LID - 10.1007/s00062-018-0726-9 [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE: As a result of multilateral migration and globalization in times of 
      humanitarian crises, western countries face a possible increase in the incidence 
      of central nervous system tuberculosis (CNS TB). The diagnosis of CNS TB is 
      challenging and often delayed due to the manifold and often non-specific 
      presentation of the disease. The aim of this review is to analyze and summarize 
      imaging features and correlated clinical findings of CNS TB. METHODS: The 
      different manifestations of CNS TB are explained and illustrated by 
      characteristic neuroradiological as well as neuropathological findings. 
      An overview on diagnostic and therapeutic approaches is provided. For clarity, 
      tables summarizing the lesion patterns, differential diagnoses and diagnostic 
      hints are added. RESULTS: The CNS TB can be manifested (1) diffuse as tuberculous 
      meningitis (TBM), (2) localized as tuberculoma or (3) tuberculous abscess or 
      (4) in extradural and intradural spinal infections. Information on clinical 
      presentation, underlying pathology and the distinguishing features is 
      demonstrated. The TBM is further described, which may lead to cranial nerve 
      palsy, hydrocephalus and infarction due to associated arteritis of the basal 
      perforators. The differential diagnoses are vast and include other infections, 
      such as bacterial, viral or fungal meningoencephalitis, malignant causes or 
      systemic inflammation with CNS. Complicating factors of diagnosis and treatment 
      are HIV coinfection, multi-drug resistance and TB-associated immune 
      reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). CONCLUSIONS: Neurologists and 
      (neuro-)radiologists should be familiar with the neuroradiological presentation 
      and the clinical course of CNS TB to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment.
FAU - Schaller, Martin Alexander
AU  - Schaller MA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1447-9908
AD  - Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528, 
      Frankfurt/Main, Germany. martinalexander.schaller@kgu.de.
FAU - Wicke, Felix
AU  - Wicke F
AD  - Institute of General Practice, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
FAU - Foerch, Christian
AU  - Foerch C
AD  - Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528, 
      Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
FAU - Weidauer, Stefan
AU  - Weidauer S
AD  - Department of Neurology, Sankt Katharinen Hospital, Teaching Hospital, Goethe 
      University, Frankfurt, Germany.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20180917
PL  - Germany
TA  - Clin Neuroradiol
JT  - Clinical neuroradiology
JID - 101526693
RN  - 0 (Antitubercular Agents)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use
MH  - Diagnosis, Differential
MH  - Female
MH  - HIV Infections/complications/diagnosis
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome/diagnosis
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MH  - Male
MH  - Meningoencephalitis/diagnostic imaging/etiology
MH  - Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification
MH  - Neuroimaging
MH  - Spinal Diseases/diagnostic imaging/etiology
MH  - Tomography, X-Ray Computed
MH  - Tuberculoma/diagnostic imaging/etiology
MH  - Tuberculoma, Intracranial/diagnostic imaging/etiology
MH  - Tuberculosis, Central Nervous System/cerebrospinal 
      fluid/*complications/*diagnosis/drug therapy
MH  - Tuberculosis, Meningeal/cerebrospinal fluid/diagnosis/drug therapy/etiology
MH  - Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant
MH  - Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular/diagnostic imaging/etiology
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Spinal Tuberculosis
OT  - Tuberculoma
OT  - Tuberculous Meningitis
OT  - Tuberculous abscess
OT  - Tuberculous spondylitis
EDAT- 2018/09/19 06:00
MHDA- 2019/11/16 06:00
CRDT- 2018/09/19 06:00
PHST- 2018/03/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/08/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/09/19 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/11/16 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/09/19 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s00062-018-0726-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s00062-018-0726-9 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Neuroradiol. 2019 Mar;29(1):3-18. doi: 10.1007/s00062-018-0726-9. Epub 2018 
      Sep 17.