PMID- 30237963 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20201001 IS - 2190-572X (Print) IS - 2190-5738 (Electronic) IS - 2190-5738 (Linking) VI - 8 IP - 10 DP - 2018 Oct TI - Protein improvement of banana peel through sequential solid state fermentation using mixed-culture of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Candida utilis. PG - 416 LID - 10.1007/s13205-018-1435-4 [doi] LID - 416 AB - Banana peel (BP) is a major waste produced by fruit processing industries. Pre-treatment of BP at different temperatures led to 40% reduction in saponin at 100 degrees C (from 9.5 to 5.7 mg/g). Sequential mixed culture of Phanerochaete chrysosporium (P. chrysosporium) and Candida utilis (C. utilis) gave highest protein enrichment (88.93 mg/g). There is 26% increase in protein synthesis (from 88.93 to 111.78 mg/g) after media screening. Inclusion of KH(2)PO(4), FeSO(4).7H(2)O, wheat flour and sucrose in the media contributed positively to protein synthesis, while elevated concentration of urea, peptone, K(2)HPO(4), KCl, NH(4)H(2)PO(4,) and MgSO(4).7H(2)O are required to reach optimum protein synthesis. Total soluble sugar (TSS), total reducing sugar (TRS) and total carbohydrate (CHO) consumption varied with respect to protein synthesis in all experimental runs. Optimum protein synthesis required 6 days and inclusion of 5% sucrose, 0.6% NH(4)H(2)PO(4), 0.4% KCl, and 0.5% MgSO(4).7H(2)O as concentration media constituents to reach 140.95 mg/g protein synthesis equivalent to 300% increase over the raw banana peel protein content (35.0 mg/g). FAU - Olorunnisola, Kola Saheed AU - Olorunnisola KS AD - 1Biotechnology Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Centre (BERC), International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Gombak, P.O.Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ISNI: 0000 0001 0807 5654. GRID: grid.440422.4 AD - 2Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Elizade University, Ilara-Mokin, Ondo State Nigeria. GRID: grid.448684.2 FAU - Jamal, Parveen AU - Jamal P AD - 1Biotechnology Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Centre (BERC), International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Gombak, P.O.Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ISNI: 0000 0001 0807 5654. GRID: grid.440422.4 AD - 2Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Elizade University, Ilara-Mokin, Ondo State Nigeria. GRID: grid.448684.2 FAU - Alam, Md Zahangir AU - Alam MZ AD - 1Biotechnology Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Centre (BERC), International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Gombak, P.O.Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ISNI: 0000 0001 0807 5654. GRID: grid.440422.4 AD - 2Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Elizade University, Ilara-Mokin, Ondo State Nigeria. GRID: grid.448684.2 LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20180918 PL - Germany TA - 3 Biotech JT - 3 Biotech JID - 101565857 PMC - PMC6141834 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Banana peel OT - Candida utilis OT - Phanerochaete chrysosporium OT - Protein OT - Solid state fermentation COIS- Compliance with ethical standardsThere are no financial/commercial or any other conflicts of interest among authors. EDAT- 2018/09/22 06:00 MHDA- 2018/09/22 06:01 PMCR- 2019/10/01 CRDT- 2018/09/22 06:00 PHST- 2018/04/25 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/09/10 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/09/22 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2018/09/22 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/09/22 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2019/10/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 1435 [pii] AID - 10.1007/s13205-018-1435-4 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - 3 Biotech. 2018 Oct;8(10):416. doi: 10.1007/s13205-018-1435-4. Epub 2018 Sep 18.