PMID- 30239936
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20191219
LR  - 20191219
IS  - 1096-0929 (Electronic)
IS  - 1096-0929 (Linking)
VI  - 167
IP  - 1
DP  - 2019 Jan 1
TI  - Systematic Assessment of the Toxicity and Potential Mechanism of Graphene 
      Derivatives In Vitro and In Vivo.
PG  - 269-281
LID - 10.1093/toxsci/kfy235 [doi]
AB  - Graphene is a two-dimensional crystal that is stripped from pristine graphite and 
      made of single layer of carbon atoms. Containing numerous functional groups, 
      graphene derivatives (GDs) could be easily modified and have aroused great 
      attention for potential applications in biomedicine. However, pristine graphene 
      and graphene oxide (GO) could arouse cell and animal toxicity. To screen GDs with 
      high biocompatibility applied for biomedicine, general comparison was performed 
      about the toxicities of six GDs with diverse types of surface modification, size, 
      and redox state, including GO, reduced GO (rGO), graphene quantum dot (GQD), 
      aminated GQD (GQD-NH2), carboxyl GQD (GQD-COOH), and graphene oxide quantum dot 
      (GOQD). In contrast, it was found that large particle size, oxidation state, high 
      concentration, and long exposure time were unfavorable factors affecting the cell 
      viability. We further explored the mechanism of different toxicity, which could 
      be contribute to cell membrane destruction by sharpened edges of GDs (LDH 
      release, hemolysis), ROS production, immuno-inflammatory responses, and 
      activation of apoptotic pathways (IKK/IkappaBalpha/NF-kappaB and BAX/BCL-2). Overall, our 
      combined data primarily explored the related biochemical and molecular mechanism 
      underlying the biological behaviors and toxicity of GDs, and we also identified 
      GQD, GQD-NH2, GQD-COOH, and GOQD could be safely used for biomedical application 
      as drug carriers.
FAU - Li, Jian
AU  - Li J
AD  - Department of Clinical Laboratory of the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South 
      University, Hunan 410013, China.
FAU - Zhang, Xizhi
AU  - Zhang X
AD  - College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
FAU - Jiang, Jing
AU  - Jiang J
AD  - Department of Clinical Laboratory of the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South 
      University, Hunan 410013, China.
FAU - Wang, Yanjie
AU  - Wang Y
AD  - Department of Clinical Laboratory of the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South 
      University, Hunan 410013, China.
FAU - Jiang, Haiye
AU  - Jiang H
AD  - Department of Clinical Laboratory of the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South 
      University, Hunan 410013, China.
FAU - Zhang, Junhua
AU  - Zhang J
AD  - Department of Blood Transfusion of the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South 
      University, Hunan 410013, China.
FAU - Nie, Xinmin
AU  - Nie X
AD  - Department of Clinical Laboratory of the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South 
      University, Hunan 410013, China.
FAU - Liu, Bin
AU  - Liu B
AD  - College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Toxicol Sci
JT  - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology
JID - 9805461
RN  - 0 (Biocompatible Materials)
RN  - 0 (Drug Carriers)
RN  - 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species)
RN  - 0 (graphene oxide)
RN  - 7782-42-5 (Graphite)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amination
MH  - Apoptosis/drug effects
MH  - Biocompatible Materials/chemistry/*toxicity
MH  - Cell Line, Tumor
MH  - Cell Survival/drug effects
MH  - Drug Carriers/chemistry/*toxicity
MH  - Graphite/chemistry/*toxicity
MH  - Hepatocytes/*drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Oxidation-Reduction
MH  - Particle Size
MH  - Quantum Dots/chemistry/*toxicity
MH  - Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
MH  - Surface Properties
EDAT- 2018/09/22 06:00
MHDA- 2019/12/20 06:00
CRDT- 2018/09/22 06:00
PHST- 2018/09/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/12/20 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/09/22 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 5098225 [pii]
AID - 10.1093/toxsci/kfy235 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Toxicol Sci. 2019 Jan 1;167(1):269-281. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy235.