PMID- 30269261
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190604
LR  - 20200225
IS  - 1573-5168 (Electronic)
IS  - 0920-1742 (Linking)
VI  - 45
IP  - 1
DP  - 2019 Feb
TI  - Effects of blue light spectra on retinal stress and damage in goldfish (Carassius 
      auratus).
PG  - 391-400
LID - 10.1007/s10695-018-0571-4 [doi]
AB  - There have been a number of studies on the negative effects of blue light 
      exposure in various species; however, little information is available on the 
      impacts of blue light intensity and duration on fish. We investigated the effects 
      of blue light spectra on stress in the retinas of goldfish, using a blue (460 nm) 
      light-emitting diode (LED) at three intensities (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 W/m(2)). The 
      experiment was conducted for 4 weeks, and sampling was performed at intervals of 
      1 week. We measured changes in the expression of cortisol, and the concentrations 
      of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), melanin-concentrating hormone receptor (MCH-R), 
      and caspase-3 in the retinas of goldfish. In addition, we measured histological 
      changes in the retina. We used a transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay 
      to evaluate the apoptotic response to blue LED spectra. Levels of cortisol, 
      H(2)O(2), MCH-R, and caspase-3 increased with exposure time and light intensity. 
      Histological analysis revealed that the thickness of melanin granules increased 
      with exposure time and light intensity. The progressive TUNEL assay revealed many 
      apoptotic cells after exposure to blue LED light, increasing with exposure time 
      and light intensity. Irradiation with blue light for longer than 1 week induced 
      increased retinal stress and may induce apoptosis in the retinas of goldfish, 
      even at a low intensity.
FAU - Song, Jin Ah
AU  - Song JA
AD  - Division of Marine BioScience, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, 49112, 
      Republic of Korea.
FAU - Choi, Cheol Young
AU  - Choi CY
AD  - Division of Marine BioScience, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, 49112, 
      Republic of Korea. choic@kmou.ac.kr.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20180929
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Fish Physiol Biochem
JT  - Fish physiology and biochemistry
JID - 100955049
RN  - 0 (Fish Proteins)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - BBX060AN9V (Hydrogen Peroxide)
RN  - EC 3.4.22.- (Caspase 3)
RN  - WI4X0X7BPJ (Hydrocortisone)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Caspase 3/genetics/metabolism
MH  - *Color
MH  - Fish Proteins
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation/radiation effects
MH  - *Goldfish
MH  - Hydrocortisone/metabolism
MH  - Hydrogen Peroxide
MH  - Light/*adverse effects
MH  - RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Radiation Injuries, Experimental
MH  - Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Retina/metabolism/*radiation effects
MH  - Retinal Degeneration/*veterinary
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Blue light
OT  - Carassius auratus
OT  - Cortisol
OT  - Retinal damage
OT  - Stress
EDAT- 2018/10/01 06:00
MHDA- 2019/06/05 06:00
CRDT- 2018/10/01 06:00
PHST- 2018/01/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/09/07 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/10/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/06/05 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/10/01 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s10695-018-0571-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s10695-018-0571-4 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Fish Physiol Biochem. 2019 Feb;45(1):391-400. doi: 10.1007/s10695-018-0571-4. 
      Epub 2018 Sep 29.