PMID- 30273867
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190329
LR  - 20190329
IS  - 1873-6750 (Electronic)
IS  - 0160-4120 (Linking)
VI  - 121
IP  - Pt 1
DP  - 2018 Dec
TI  - Greenspace seems protective of both high and low blood pressure among residents 
      of an Alpine valley.
PG  - 443-452
LID - S0160-4120(18)31909-3 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.envint.2018.09.044 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: There is some data suggesting that residential greenspace may protect 
      against high blood pressure in urbanized areas, but there is no evidence of 
      effects on hypotension, in less urbanized areas, and in idiosyncratic geographic 
      contexts such as mountain valleys. OBJECTIVES: The current study aimed to 
      investigate the associations between residential greenspace and blood pressure in 
      an alpine valley in Austria. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of a 
      representative sample of 555 adults living in the Lower Inn Valley, Austria. 
      Several definitions of blood pressure were employed: continuously-measured 
      systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), doctor-diagnosed hyper- and 
      hypotension, and high- and low blood pressure medication use. Greenspace metrics 
      considered were: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Soil Adjusted 
      Vegetation Index (SAVI), and tree cover as measures of surrounding greenness in 
      circular buffers of 100 m, 300 m, 500 m, and 1000 m around the home; distance to 
      different types of structured green space; and having a domestic garden and a 
      balcony. Relationships were examined across different definitions of blood 
      pressure and greenspace and evaluated for potential effect modification by 
      demographic factors, presence of a domestic garden/balcony, adiposity, and 
      traffic sensitivity. RESULTS: Higher overall greenness was associated with 30-40% 
      lower odds of hyper/hypotension and 2-3 mm Hg lower SBP. Similar pattern was 
      revealed for tree cover, however, associations with hypertension were less 
      consistent across buffers, and SBP and DBP were lower only in association with 
      greenness in the 100-m buffer. Having a domestic garden also seemed protective of 
      high DBP. Residing near to forests, agricultural land, or urban green spaces was 
      not related to blood pressure. Higher NDVI(500-m) was stronger associated with 
      lower SBP in those having a domestic garden, while the effect on DBP was stronger 
      in overweight/obese participants. CONCLUSION: These findings support the idea 
      that greenspace should be considered as protective of both high and low blood 
      pressure, however, underlying mechanisms remain insufficiently understood.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Dzhambov, Angel M
AU  - Dzhambov AM
AD  - Department of Hygiene and Ecomedicine, Faculty of Public Health, Medical 
      University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. Electronic address: 
      angelleloti@gmail.com.
FAU - Markevych, Iana
AU  - Markevych I
AD  - Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, 
      University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, 
      Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 
      Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von 
      Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, 
      Munich, Germany.
FAU - Lercher, Peter
AU  - Lercher P
AD  - Division of Social Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20180928
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Environ Int
JT  - Environment international
JID - 7807270
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Austria/epidemiology
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Environment
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypertension/*epidemiology/etiology
MH  - Hypotension/*epidemiology/etiology
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Residence Characteristics/*statistics & numerical data
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cardiovascular disease
OT  - Garden
OT  - Green spaces
OT  - Greenness
OT  - Hypertension
OT  - Mediation
EDAT- 2018/10/03 06:00
MHDA- 2019/03/30 06:00
CRDT- 2018/10/02 06:00
PHST- 2018/08/23 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/09/24 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/09/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/10/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/03/30 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/10/02 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0160-4120(18)31909-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.envint.2018.09.044 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Int. 2018 Dec;121(Pt 1):443-452. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.09.044. Epub 
      2018 Sep 28.