PMID- 30287273
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190423
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 1872-7549 (Electronic)
IS  - 0166-4328 (Linking)
VI  - 359
DP  - 2019 Feb 1
TI  - Behavioural, metabolic and neurochemical effects of environmental enrichment in 
      high-fat cholesterol-enriched diet-fed mice.
PG  - 648-656
LID - S0166-4328(18)31119-7 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.09.022 [doi]
AB  - While chronic high-fat feeding has long been associated with the rising incidence 
      of obesity/type 2 diabetes, recent evidence has established that it is also 
      associated with deficits in hippocampus-dependent memory. In this regard, 
      environmental enrichment (EE) is an animal housing technique composed of 
      increased space, physical activity, and social interactions, which in turn 
      increases sensory, cognitive, motor, and social stimulation. EE leads to improved 
      cerebral health as defined by increased neurogenesis, enhanced learning and 
      memory and resistance to external cerebral insults. In the present study, the 
      impacts of environmental enrichment (EE) on Swiss mice fed a high-fat, 
      cholesterol-enriched diet (HFECD; 20% fat and 1.5% cholesterol) were 
      investigated. Here, we demonstrated that EE, when initiated 4 weeks after the 
      beginning of HFECD in mice, prevents HFECD-induced spatial memory and object 
      recognition impairment, which were tested in T-maze and object recognition tests. 
      Although EE did not affect HFECD-induced weight gain or hypercholesterolaemia, it 
      improved glucose tolerance. On the other hand, EE was unable to mitigate a 
      decrease in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and IL-6 hippocampal levels 
      induced by the HFECD. Overall, while our results reinforce the positive and 
      neuroprotective effects of EE on cognition they do not support a role for EE in 
      preventing the neurochemical changes induced by the HFECD. Based on clinical 
      observations that nondiabetic individuals with mild forms of impaired glucose 
      tolerance have a higher risk of cognitive impairments, one can speculate about 
      the connection between the effects of EE on glucose intolerance and its effects 
      on cognition.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - de Souza, Raul Marin
AU  - de Souza RM
AD  - Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Neurociencias, Centro de Ciencias Biologicas, 
      Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil.
FAU - de Souza, Leticia
AU  - de Souza L
AD  - Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Neurociencias, Centro de Ciencias Biologicas, 
      Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil.
FAU - Machado, Adriano Emanuel
AU  - Machado AE
AD  - Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Neurociencias, Centro de Ciencias Biologicas, 
      Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil.
FAU - de Bem Alves, Ana Cristina
AU  - de Bem Alves AC
AD  - Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Neurociencias, Centro de Ciencias Biologicas, 
      Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil.
FAU - Rodrigues, Fernanda Silva
AU  - Rodrigues FS
AD  - Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Neurociencias, Centro de Ciencias Biologicas, 
      Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil.
FAU - Aguiar, Aderbal S Jr
AU  - Aguiar AS Jr
AD  - Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Neurociencias, Centro de Ciencias Biologicas, 
      Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil; Departamento de Ciencias da 
      Saude, Campus Ararangua, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil.
FAU - Dos Santos, Adair Roberto Soares
AU  - Dos Santos ARS
AD  - Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Neurociencias, Centro de Ciencias Biologicas, 
      Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil; Departamento de Ciencias 
      Fisiologicas, Centro de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Santa 
      Catarina, Brazil.
FAU - de Bem, Andreza Fabro
AU  - de Bem AF
AD  - Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Neurociencias, Centro de Ciencias Biologicas, 
      Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquimica, 
      Centro de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil.
FAU - Moreira, Eduardo Luiz Gasnhar
AU  - Moreira ELG
AD  - Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Neurociencias, Centro de Ciencias Biologicas, 
      Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil; Departamento de Ciencias 
      Fisiologicas, Centro de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Santa 
      Catarina, Brazil. Electronic address: eduardo.luiz@ufsc.br.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20181001
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Behav Brain Res
JT  - Behavioural brain research
JID - 8004872
RN  - 0 (Bdnf protein, mouse)
RN  - 0 (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-6)
RN  - 0 (interleukin-6, mouse)
RN  - 97C5T2UQ7J (Cholesterol)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism
MH  - Cholesterol/*adverse effects
MH  - Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology/metabolism/pathology/*therapy
MH  - Diet, High-Fat/*adverse effects
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - *Environment
MH  - Glucose Intolerance/etiology/metabolism/pathology/therapy
MH  - Hippocampus/metabolism/pathology
MH  - *Housing, Animal
MH  - Hypercholesterolemia/etiology/metabolism/pathology/psychology
MH  - Interleukin-6/metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - Mice
MH  - Obesity/etiology/metabolism/pathology/psychology
MH  - Random Allocation
MH  - Recognition, Psychology
MH  - Spatial Memory
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cholesterol
OT  - Environmental enrichment
OT  - Learning and memory
OT  - Swiss mice
EDAT- 2018/10/06 06:00
MHDA- 2019/04/24 06:00
CRDT- 2018/10/06 06:00
PHST- 2018/08/06 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/09/10 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/09/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/10/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/04/24 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/10/06 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0166-4328(18)31119-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.09.022 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Behav Brain Res. 2019 Feb 1;359:648-656. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.09.022. Epub 
      2018 Oct 1.