PMID- 30315466
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190606
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 1940-6029 (Electronic)
IS  - 1064-3745 (Linking)
VI  - 1862
DP  - 2019
TI  - Determining the Impact of Metabolic Nutrients on Autophagy.
PG  - 151-162
LID - 10.1007/978-1-4939-8769-6_11 [doi]
AB  - Tumorigenesis relies on the ability of cancer cells to obtain necessary nutrients 
      and fulfill increased energy demands associated with rapid proliferation. 
      However, as a result of increased metabolite consumption and poor 
      vascularization, most cancer cells must survive in a nutrient poor and high 
      cellular stress microenvironment. Cancer cells undergo metabolic reprogramming to 
      evade cell death and ensure proliferation; in particular, cancer cells utilize 
      the catabolic process of autophagy. Autophagy creates an intracellular pool of 
      metabolites by sequestering cytosolic macromolecules in double-membrane vesicles 
      targeted for lysosomal degradation. During times of environmental stress and 
      nutrient starvation, autophagy is upregulated through the dynamic interactions 
      between two nutrient sensing proteins, AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) and 
      mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), in cooperation with Unc-51 like autophagy 
      activating kinase 1 (ULK1). In this way, a lack of metabolic nutrients plays a 
      critical role in inducing autophagy, while the products of autophagy also serve 
      as readily available fuel for the cell. In this chapter, we describe methods to 
      visualize and quantify autophagy using a fluorescent sensor of autophagic 
      membranes. Thus, the impact of specific nutrients on autophagy can be measured 
      using live-cell fluorescent microscopy.
FAU - Guillaume, Jessica D
AU  - Guillaume JD
AD  - College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
FAU - Celano, Stephanie L
AU  - Celano SL
AD  - College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
FAU - Martin, Katie R
AU  - Martin KR
AD  - College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
FAU - MacKeigan, Jeffrey P
AU  - MacKeigan JP
AD  - College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA. 
      jeff.mackeigan@chm.msu.edu.
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 CA197398/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PL  - United States
TA  - Methods Mol Biol
JT  - Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)
JID - 9214969
RN  - 0 (Culture Media)
RN  - 0 (Microtubule-Associated Proteins)
RN  - 147336-22-9 (Green Fluorescent Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Autophagosomes/metabolism
MH  - Autophagy/physiology
MH  - Carcinogenesis/pathology
MH  - Cell Culture Techniques/instrumentation/*methods
MH  - Cell Line, Tumor
MH  - Culture Media/chemistry
MH  - Green Fluorescent Proteins/chemistry
MH  - Humans
MH  - Intravital Microscopy/instrumentation/*methods
MH  - Metabolomics/instrumentation/*methods
MH  - Microscopy, Fluorescence/instrumentation/methods
MH  - Microtubule-Associated Proteins/chemistry/metabolism
MH  - Nutrients/*analysis/metabolism
MH  - Single Molecule Imaging/instrumentation/methods
MH  - Single-Cell Analysis/instrumentation/methods
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Amino acid metabolism
OT  - Autophagy
OT  - Cancer
OT  - Fluorescent microscopy
OT  - Glycolysis
OT  - LC3
EDAT- 2018/10/14 06:00
MHDA- 2019/06/07 06:00
CRDT- 2018/10/14 06:00
PHST- 2018/10/14 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/10/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/06/07 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/978-1-4939-8769-6_11 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Methods Mol Biol. 2019;1862:151-162. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8769-6_11.