PMID- 30322525
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190130
LR  - 20190130
IS  - 1873-2542 (Electronic)
IS  - 0378-1135 (Linking)
VI  - 225
DP  - 2018 Nov
TI  - Co-circulation of genetically diverse population of vaccine related and unrelated 
      respiratory mycoplasmas and viruses in UK poultry flocks with health or 
      production problems.
PG  - 132-138
LID - S0378-1135(18)30139-1 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.09.009 [doi]
AB  - Respiratory diseases continue to have a major impact on poultry health, welfare 
      and productivity. However, little information is available on their current 
      status in UK poultry flocks. We investigated the presence of four economically 
      important respiratory pathogens in healthy or problematic flocks; infectious 
      bronchitis virus (IBV), avian metapneumovirus (aMPV), Mycoplasma gallisepticum 
      (Mg) and Mycoplasma synoviae (Ms). Samples from 131 UK poultry flocks were 
      received during the 12 month study period. Oropharyngeal (OP) swabs were taken 
      from eight birds per flock and accompanied with flock health information. The 
      study included 118 chicken, 6 pheasant and 5 turkey flocks, and 1 quail and 1 
      partridge flock. Chicken flocks were of layers (n = 98), broilers (n = 15), 
      breeders (n = 3) and undisclosed (n = 2). Flock ages ranged from 3 to 72 weeks 
      old, and the average flock size was 17,633 birds. PCR detected 65 (49.6%), 59 
      (45%) and 8 (6.1%) flocks as positive for IBV, Mg/Ms and aMPV respectively. 
      Analysis of the mgc2 gene of the Mg isolates revealed high similarities to Mg 
      TS-11 and Mg 6/85. Further gene analysis found that the TS-11-like isolates were 
      unrelated to the TS-11 vaccine. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) analysis 
      identified the majority of positive Ms as ST21, along with ST2 (MS-H-like), ST6 
      and ST43. IBV S1 gene sequencing identified strains as 793B (66.7%), Arkansas 
      (23.8%) and Massachusetts (9.5%). All aMPV positive samples belonged to subtype 
      B. Findings indicate that over half of the flocks sampled were positive for at 
      least one of the four vaccine or field strains of mycoplasmas or viruses.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Ball, Christopher
AU  - Ball C
AD  - University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire, CH64 7TE, UK.
FAU - Forrester, Anne
AU  - Forrester A
AD  - University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire, CH64 7TE, UK.
FAU - Ganapathy, Kannan
AU  - Ganapathy K
AD  - University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire, CH64 7TE, UK. 
      Electronic address: gana@liverpool.ac.uk.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20180922
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Vet Microbiol
JT  - Veterinary microbiology
JID - 7705469
RN  - 0 (Vaccines)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Chickens/microbiology/virology
MH  - Coronavirus Infections/veterinary
MH  - *Genetic Variation
MH  - Infectious bronchitis virus/genetics/isolation & purification
MH  - Metapneumovirus/genetics/isolation & purification
MH  - Multilocus Sequence Typing
MH  - Mycoplasma/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification
MH  - Mycoplasma Infections/epidemiology/microbiology/*veterinary
MH  - Mycoplasma gallisepticum/genetics/isolation & purification
MH  - Mycoplasma synoviae/genetics/isolation & purification
MH  - Poultry/microbiology/virology
MH  - Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Turkeys/microbiology/virology
MH  - Vaccines/*adverse effects
MH  - Virus Diseases/epidemiology/*veterinary/virology
MH  - Viruses/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Avian metapneumovirus
OT  - Infectious bronchitis virus
OT  - MLST
OT  - Mycoplasma gallisepticum
OT  - Mycoplasma synoviae
OT  - Poultry
OT  - RT-PCR
EDAT- 2018/10/17 06:00
MHDA- 2019/01/31 06:00
CRDT- 2018/10/17 06:00
PHST- 2018/01/31 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/08/06 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/09/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/10/17 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/10/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/01/31 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0378-1135(18)30139-1 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.09.009 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Vet Microbiol. 2018 Nov;225:132-138. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.09.009. Epub 2018 
      Sep 22.