PMID- 30336207
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20191023
LR  - 20191023
IS  - 1873-6300 (Electronic)
IS  - 0891-0618 (Linking)
VI  - 94
DP  - 2018 Dec
TI  - Effect of long-term administration of antiretroviral drugs (Tenofovir and 
      Nevirapine) on neuroinflammation and neuroplasticity in mouse hippocampi.
PG  - 86-92
LID - S0891-0618(18)30128-5 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2018.10.003 [doi]
AB  - The use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has been successful in 
      suppressing HIV-1 replication and restoring peripheral immune functioning in 
      HIV-infected individuals. Despite these advances in the management of HIV, 
      neurocognitive impairments continue to be diagnosed in HIV-infected patients on 
      treatment, even when the viral load is low. Of interest is the observation that 
      deficiencies in brain function in these individuals are marked by a persistent 
      presence of neuroinflammation. Therefore, in this study we investigated whether 
      long-term exposure to ART could contribute to neuroinflammation. Mice were 
      subsequently administered a daily single dose of either Tenofovir disoproxil 
      fumarate or Nevirapine orally for 8 weeks. After treatment, hippocampal tissue 
      was collected from the brains of drug-treated and control mice and the levels of 
      interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and brain-derived 
      neurotrophic factor (BDNF) determined. Our results showed that administration of 
      Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and Nevirapine induced astrogliosis and 
      up-regulated IL-1beta and TNF-alpha. In addition, we found that Nevirapine reduced the 
      expression of BDNF. Together these results suggest that Nevirapine promotes 
      inflammatory and reduces neuroprotective processes in the hippocampus of mice. 
      Our findings therefore highlight the potential of ART to be harmful to the brain 
      and as such these drugs may contribute to the development of HIV-associated 
      neurocognitive disorder (HAND).
CI  - Copyright (c) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Zulu, Simo S
AU  - Zulu SS
AD  - School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, 
      University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, 
      South Africa. Electronic address: 207506590@stu.ukzn.ac.za.
FAU - Simola, Nicola
AU  - Simola N
AD  - Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy.
FAU - Mabandla, Musa V
AU  - Mabandla MV
AD  - School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, 
      University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, 
      South Africa.
FAU - Daniels, William M U
AU  - Daniels WMU
AD  - School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the 
      Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20181015
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - J Chem Neuroanat
JT  - Journal of chemical neuroanatomy
JID - 8902615
RN  - 0 (Anti-Retroviral Agents)
RN  - 0 (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-1beta)
RN  - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha)
RN  - 99DK7FVK1H (Nevirapine)
RN  - 99YXE507IL (Tenofovir)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anti-Retroviral Agents/*administration & dosage/adverse effects
MH  - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism
MH  - Encephalitis/*chemically induced/metabolism/pathology
MH  - Hippocampus/*drug effects/metabolism/pathology
MH  - Interleukin-1beta/metabolism
MH  - Mice
MH  - Neuronal Plasticity/*drug effects
MH  - Nevirapine/*administration & dosage/adverse effects
MH  - Tenofovir/*administration & dosage/adverse effects
MH  - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
MH  - Up-Regulation/drug effects
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)
OT  - Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART)
OT  - HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND)
OT  - Neuroinflammation
EDAT- 2018/10/20 06:00
MHDA- 2019/10/24 06:00
CRDT- 2018/10/19 06:00
PHST- 2018/08/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/10/09 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/10/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/10/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/10/24 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/10/19 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0891-0618(18)30128-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2018.10.003 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Chem Neuroanat. 2018 Dec;94:86-92. doi: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2018.10.003. Epub 
      2018 Oct 15.