PMID- 30352979
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20200929
IS  - 2075-4663 (Electronic)
IS  - 2075-4663 (Linking)
VI  - 6
IP  - 4
DP  - 2018 Oct 24
TI  - Nutritional Peak Week and Competition Day Strategies of Competitive Natural 
      Bodybuilders.
LID - 10.3390/sports6040126 [doi]
LID - 126
AB  - Bodybuilders utilize peaking strategies in a bid to fine-tune their aesthetics 
      for competition day. The most prevalent peaking strategies utilized by natural 
      bodybuilders are unreported in the current literature. Eighty-one (M-59, F-22) 
      natural bodybuilders were recruited from competitions during the 2016 and 2017 
      British Natural Bodybuilder Federation seasons. Competitors completed a 34-item 
      questionnaire designed to investigate peaking and contest day strategies. The 
      questionnaire listed commonly utilized peaking strategies and provided additional 
      space for qualitative information. Analysis of the data indicated that 
      carbohydrate (CHO), water, and sodium manipulation were the most commonly 
      utilized peaking strategies. The consumption of high glycemic index CHO was the 
      most common competition day strategy. Only 6.2% of competitors reported following 
      their regular diet the week prior to competition. The CHO manipulation strategies 
      followed were similar to classical CHO loading, whereby bodybuilders attempt to 
      maximize muscle glycogen concentrations. Furthermore, bodybuilders attempted to 
      remove superfluous water by exploiting the diuretic/polyuria effect associated 
      with water loading/restriction. The potentially deleterious effects of peaking on 
      bodybuilders' health is considered and the efficacy of these strategies to 
      enhance appearance is discussed. The findings of the present investigation are 
      likely to be of interest to bodybuilders and their coaches.
FAU - Chappell, Andrew J
AU  - Chappell AJ
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3999-9395
AD  - Food and Nutrition Group, Sheffield School of Business, Sheffield Hallam 
      University, Howard St. Sheffield S1 1WB, UK. a.chappell@shu.ac.uk.
FAU - Simper, Trevor N
AU  - Simper TN
AD  - Food and Nutrition Group, Sheffield School of Business, Sheffield Hallam 
      University, Howard St. Sheffield S1 1WB, UK. t.simper@shu.ac.uk.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20181024
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Sports (Basel)
JT  - Sports (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101722684
PMC - PMC6315482
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Vitamin C
OT  - bodybuilding
OT  - carbohydrate loading
OT  - competing
OT  - drug free
OT  - fat loading
OT  - fibre restriction
OT  - peaking
OT  - sodium loading
OT  - water loading
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2018/10/26 06:00
MHDA- 2018/10/26 06:01
PMCR- 2018/10/24
CRDT- 2018/10/25 06:00
PHST- 2018/09/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/10/11 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/10/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/10/25 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/10/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/10/26 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2018/10/24 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - sports6040126 [pii]
AID - sports-06-00126 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/sports6040126 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Sports (Basel). 2018 Oct 24;6(4):126. doi: 10.3390/sports6040126.