PMID- 30356863
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20191010
LR  - 20220408
IS  - 1664-3224 (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-3224 (Linking)
VI  - 9
DP  - 2018
TI  - Extracellular Vesicles From the Dermatophyte Trichophyton interdigitale Modulate 
      Macrophage and Keratinocyte Functions.
PG  - 2343
LID - 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02343 [doi]
LID - 2343
AB  - The release of biomolecules critically affects all pathogens and their 
      establishment of diseases. For the export of several biomolecules in diverse 
      species, the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is considered to represent an 
      alternative transport mechanism, but no study to date has investigated EVs from 
      dermatophytes. Here, we describe biologically active EVs from the dermatophyte 
      Trichophyton interdigitale, a causative agent of mycoses worldwide. EV 
      preparations from T. interdigitale were examined using nanoparticle-tracking 
      analysis, which revealed vesicular structures 20-380 nm in diameter. These 
      vesicles induced the production of proinflammatory mediators by bone 
      marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and keratinocytes in a dose-dependent manner, 
      and an addition of the EVs to BMDMs also stimulated the transcription of the 
      M1-polarization marker iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) and diminished the 
      expression of the M2 markers arginase-1 and Ym-1. The observed M1 macrophages' 
      polarization triggered by EVs was abolished in cells obtained from knockout 
      Toll-like receptor-2 mice. Also, the EVs-induced productions of pro-inflammatory 
      mediators were blocked too. Furthermore, the EVs from T. interdigitale enhanced 
      the fungicidal activity of BMDMs. These results suggest that EVs from T. 
      interdigitale can modulate the innate immune response of the host and influence 
      the interaction between T. interdigitale and host immune cells. Our findings thus 
      open new areas of investigation into the host-parasite relationship in 
      dermatophytosis.
FAU - Bitencourt, Tamires Aparecida
AU  - Bitencourt TA
AD  - Department of Genetics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, 
      Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
FAU - Rezende, Caroline Patini
AU  - Rezende CP
AD  - Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, 
      University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
FAU - Quaresemin, Natalia Renault
AU  - Quaresemin NR
AD  - Department of Genetics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, 
      Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
FAU - Moreno, Pedro
AU  - Moreno P
AD  - Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, 
      University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
FAU - Hatanaka, Otavio
AU  - Hatanaka O
AD  - Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, 
      University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
FAU - Rossi, Antonio
AU  - Rossi A
AD  - Department of Genetics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, 
      Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
FAU - Martinez-Rossi, Nilce Maria
AU  - Martinez-Rossi NM
AD  - Department of Genetics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, 
      Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
FAU - Almeida, Fausto
AU  - Almeida F
AD  - Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, 
      University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20181009
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Immunol
JT  - Frontiers in immunology
JID - 101560960
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Inflammation Mediators)
RN  - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biomarkers
MH  - Cytokines/metabolism
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Extracellular Vesicles/*metabolism
MH  - Immunomodulation
MH  - Immunophenotyping
MH  - Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
MH  - Keratinocytes/*immunology/*metabolism
MH  - Macrophage Activation/immunology
MH  - Macrophages/*immunology/*metabolism/microbiology
MH  - Male
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Knockout
MH  - Nitric Oxide/metabolism
MH  - Phagocytosis/immunology
MH  - Tinea/*immunology/*microbiology
MH  - Trichophyton/*immunology/*metabolism
PMC - PMC6190888
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Trichophyton interdigitale
OT  - extracellular vesicles
OT  - fungal infection
OT  - innate immunity
OT  - keratinocytes
OT  - macrophages
OT  - nanoparticle-tracking analysis
EDAT- 2018/10/26 06:00
MHDA- 2019/10/11 06:00
PMCR- 2018/01/01
CRDT- 2018/10/26 06:00
PHST- 2018/06/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/09/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/10/26 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/10/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/10/11 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02343 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Immunol. 2018 Oct 9;9:2343. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02343. eCollection 
      2018.